88 FLOWERS OF THE WOODS AND COPSES 
or without long leaf-stalks, opposite, the leaves stiffly hairy, the upper 
ego-shaped, stalkless, the lower heart-shaped. 
The flowers grow in whorls of from 6 to 12, and are yellow, blotched 
with red or pink. The calyx is acute and rigid. The corolla has a 
long, entire helmet, with the lower lip divided into 3 subequal lobes, 
and entire. The tube is short and swollen at the base below. The 
lower lip is spotted with red. 
The plant is 1 foot high. It flowers in May and June, and is 
quickly over. It is worth cul- 
tivating, and is perennial, pro- 
pagated by division. 
The anthers and_ stigma 
mature simultaneously. The 
tube of the flower is 8 mm. 
long, and is expanded above 
for 2 mm., allowing the 
entrance of a_ bee’s_ head. 
Where the honey is secreted 
at the base of the ovary it is 
smooth, but lined with hairs 
above. The stigma is branched, 
the lobes wart-like, and they 
diverge soon after the flower 
opens, but being mature they 
do not enlarge, but are more 
' . prominent afterwards. The 
Photo. Dr. Somerville Hastings tip of the lower division lies 
YELLOW ARCHANGEL (Lamzum Galeobdolon, is 
Canty above the lower surface of the 
anthers. If the bee’s back only 
presses lightly against the anthers, the stigma is not covered with 
pollen; but if it is a large bee, and presses the anthers firmly, the 
stigma gets covered with pollen from another flower. Afterwards the 
end of the lower lobe projects below the anthers, and is first touched 
by the bee. Pollen falls on the lower lobe of the stigma if bees do 
not visit it. The plant is visited by omdéus and honey-bees. 
The nutlets are free, and when ripe fall to the ground below the 
parent stem, hence Yellow Archangel grows in wide patches in the 
woods or hedgerows. 
This is a clay-loving plant growing on clay soil. 
Yellow Archangel is liable to be galled by Ceczdomyza galcobdolontis. 
Two beetles, Weligethes symphytt, M. erythropus, are found on it. 
