132 FLOWERS OF THE ROADSIDES AND HEDGES 
adjacent halves of the latter. The honey collects in the angles between 
the stamens and ovary just where the proboscis is thrust in, and the 
stamens when touched, being sensitive, spring forward towards the 
pistil and dust the side of the bee's head with pollen. 
The stigma is covered with wart-like knobs along its edge sur- 
rounding the base of the ovary, and owing to the openness of the 
flower one side of the insect’s head opposite that touched by the 
stamen brushes it when it goes on to the next flower, and cross- 
pollination thus follows. In the same flower the bee plunges its head 
first to one side and then to the other, and self-pollination follows. 
Diptera, Syrphide, Muscidee, Hymenoptera (Apide, Vespidz), Coleop- 
tera (Dermestide, Coccinellidz) visit it. The irritable stamens secure 
dusting of the insect, and cross-pollination, by driving the bee, which is 
startled by their recoil, away to another flower, an observation noted 
by Linnzeus. 
The fruit is dispersed by the agency of animals. It is edible, juicy, 
and the seeds are dispersed by animals. Being red it is attractive to 
birds. As the seeds have a hard testa and endosperm they are un- 
injured by digestion. 
Barberry is partly a humus-loving plant, requiring a humus soil, but 
is also a sand-lover, subsisting on a sand soil, and grows best in a 
mixture of the two or peaty loam. 
Puccinia graminis, an orange cluster-cups, grows on the leaves and 
shoots of the Barberry. The second stage of the fungus forms the 
well-known rust of wheat and other cereals, £czdzum berberidcs. 
Microsphera berberidis is parasitic on Barberry also. 
The Hymenoptera, /7ylotoma berberidis, 7. euodis, the Lepidoptera, 
Jeautiful Brocade, Hadena contrgua, Mottled Pug, Lupzthecia exiguata, 
Exapate selatella, Gelechia Montfetela, the Homoptera, Lecantum per- 
sce, Rhopalisiphura berberidis, the flies, Lhagoletis cerast, Spilographa 
alternata, visit it. 
Berberis, a name given by Brunfels, is medizeval Latin of uncertain 
origin. 
Barberry is called Barbaryn, Barberry, Barboranne, Berber, Guild, 
Jaundice Berry, Maiden Barberry, Pepper-ridge, Piperidge, Piprage, 
Woodsour, Woodsore, Woodsower Tree, Piperidge Rilts. 
In allusion to the name Jaundice Berry, Ellis, in JZodern Husband- 
nen, 1750, p. 157, says: ‘The wood of this tree is said to be such an 
antidote against the Yellow Jaundice that, if a person constantly feeds 
himself with a spoon made of it, it will prevent and cure this disease 
while it is in its infancy.” 
