152 FLOWERS OF THE ROADSIDES AND HEDGES 
A good drawing charcoal is also derived from it. It yields a good 
yellow dye, and, with alum added, a green dye. In Germany they 
bore the young shoots to make pipe-stems of them. 
EssENTIAL SPECIFIC CHARACTERS :— 
73. Euonymus europeus, L.—Shrub, branches quadrangular, leaves 
lanceolate, opposite, serrate, flowers white or green, in umbels, 
peduncles axillary, capsule with an arillus, scarlet, obtusely angular, 
or lobed. 
Tufted Vetch (Vicia Cracca, L.) 
Tufted Vetch appears to-day (not earlier than the present epoch) 
in the Northern Temperate and Arctic Zones, in Arctic Europe, N. 
Africa, N. and W. Asia, India, and Greenland. It is ubiquitous in 
Great Britain, ranging as far north as the Shetlands, and in the 
Highlands it is found at altitudes of 2400 ft. It is a native of Ireland 
and the Channel Islands, 
The common Vetch or Tare is a familiar feature of our hedgerows 
and lanes in the early summer, seeking the support of some stronger 
upright plant. It is associated with Bryony, Red Campion, Welted 
Thistle, various brambles, and other hedgerow bushes, scrambling 
over them profusely in wild disorder. 
The Tufted Vetch has the climbing habit. The plant is downy 
or silky. The rootstock is creeping. The stem is angled, spreading. 
The leaves are stalkless, pinnate, with leaflets each side of a common 
stalk. The leaflets are linear, oblong or lance-shaped, acute, or with 
a blunt point, in 10 pairs, silky. The stipules are half arrow-shaped, 
entire or nearly so. The tendrils are branched. 
The flowers are 10-30, in dense racemes arranged one side of the 
stalk, blue or purple. The flower-stalk is longer than the leaves. The 
ultimate stalks are short. The flowers are drooping. The tube of the 
calyx is short, swollen below, the teeth shorter than the tube, the upper 
pair very small, the others awl-like. The standard is wavy at the side, 
the limb short. The style is equally downy all round at the top, the 
hairs longer below the stalked stigma. 
The pods are not bearded, linear to oblong, smooth, obliquely blunt, 
beaked, many-seeded. The seeds are nearly round, black. The hilum 
is linear and extends half-way round the seed. 
The plant is 3-6 ft. high. The flowers are in bloom during June, 
July, and August. The plant is perennial. 
The flowers are numerous, brilliant in colour, and conspicuous. 
The anthers ripen before the stigma. The short style is 15 mm. long, 
