HAWTHORN 177 
turn up at the end. In the summer appearance it is a mass of leaves 
and bloom, generally with a spherical crown and very compact. The 
branches may be very erect and numerous in the centre (as seen in the 
winter appearance), turning out at their extremities. 
The tree is generally sub-erect, leaning, with large branches, spread- 
ing and drooping, with fine twigs. A bud and a long spine are 
produced on the long shoots below, only a bud above. The stipules 
ca 
Photo, L. R. J. Horn 
HAWTHORN (Crategus Oxyacantha, L.) 
on the short lateral spurs and at the bottom of the long shoots are 
small and awl-shaped. They soon turn brown and fall, the ground 
being covered with them in spring. The stipules on the upper part 
are coarsely toothed, sickle-shaped, &c., small and leaflike, or are large, 
heart-shaped, net-veined. 
The buds have spiral scales. Spines are below the buds, and these 
latter are of five kinds: (1) long shoots with leaves separated by 
internodes, (2) foliage-bearing dwarf shoots, (3) buds like (2) ending 
in a flower-head, (4) long thorns, (5) short thorns. The leaves are 
simple, arranged in spirals, petiolate. On Jong shoots there are large 
green stipules, persistent and toothed; on the dwarf shoots the stipules 
Vou, II. 42 
