HEDGE PARSLEY 189 
part of Great Britain, from Moray and Islay, southward, to the English 
Channel. In Yorks it is found at a height of 1350 ft. 
Hedge Parsley, as implied by the name, is a plant of the wayside 
hedge, where it is so common as to form a regular border beneath 
the hawthorn itself. It is also as common in fields, where it plays the 
same part, lining each hedgerow or ditch for long distances together. 
It is only ousted by such hardy plants as Hogweed, &c., or a struggling 
Briar or a Hawthorn bush. 
The name Hedge Parsley is often prefixed, in speaking of it, by 
the word upright, and it is indeed a tall, erect, rigid plant, quite unlike 
Knotted Hedge Parsley, which is trailing, often hiding under the grass. 
The stems are branched, hard, and woody, not hollow, finely fur- 
rowed, and covered with turned-back hairs, and have a roughish feel. 
The stem is purplish toward the base, and the hairs give it a grey 
appearance. The leaves are much divided, are bipinnate, with lobes 
each side of a common stalk divided again, distant, spreading, with 
broad coarsely-toothed leaflets, the terminal one linear-lance-shaped. 
The nodes are distant. 
At first purple or red, the flowers become white ultimately, like 
those of many other Umbellifers, and are contained in moderate 
umbels, with nearly equal petals, the general involucre containing 
numerous leaves. The fruit is short and prickly, but the prickles 
are straight. 
When not hidden under the hedge and dwarfed, this plant may 
reach a height of 4 ft. It is in bloom during July and August. It 
is annual, dispersed by seeds. 
The flowers are polygamous, white, and the outer rayed, and very 
small. The petals are turned inwards at the point. The styles are 
short and erect. Occasionally it is andromoncecious, i.e. with herma- 
phrodite and male flowers on the same plant, and complete flowers 
with anthers ripening first in the centre. 
The 5 anthers are hair-like, the filaments project, and the anthers 
are double, longer than the 2 stigmas, ultimately turned backwards. 
The plant is more likely to be cross-pollinated than seif-pollinated. 
The visitors are few, as Diptera, Gymnosoma; Hymenoptera, 7en- 
thredo, Ceropales, Odynerus, Prosopis; Lepidoptera, Pieris rape. 
The fruits are curved inwards, adapted for dispersal by catching 
in the fur of passing animals. 
This is a sand-loving plant, growing in a sand soil in which there 
is some amount of humus soil, or in a sandy loam with a little clay 
mixed with the sand. 
