192 FLOWERS OF THE ROADSIDES AND HEDGES 
especially as in its movement it touches the anthers and the stigma 
with the legs or abdomen only. Small insects can self-pollinate it also 
by crawling over the flower. Self-pollination and cross-pollination 
may occur without insects, through the stigma accidentally touching 
the anthers of another flower. The visitors belong to 7halycra, Melz- 
gethes, Byturus, Dolopius, Athous, Otwrhynchus, Strangalha, Gram- 
moptera, Telephorus, Diptera, Empis, Hymenoptera, Pompzlus. The 
pollen is large, rounded, and 63-75 mm. across. 
Photo, B. Hanley 
DOGWOOD OR CORNEL (Cornus sanguinea, L.) 
The black fruit is edible, and the seeds are dispersed by animals 
and birds. 
It is a humus-loving plant, growing usually in a humus soil, which 
it obtains in the mould in woods and hedges. 
The fungi Wectria ditesstma, Phyllosticta cornicola infest it, and it 
is galled by Hlormomyza cornz, a fly. It is a food plant for Sedenza 
lunaria, Personia umbrana, Gelechia humeralis, Antispila Pferfferella, 
a Homopterous insect 7Ahdocyba rose, and the above gall-fly. 
Cornus, Pliny, is from the Latin covvus, name of a tree of this 
kind, and the second Latin name, meaning bloody, refers to the red 
g 
colour of the stem. 
It is called Bloody Twig, Catterridge Tree, Cat Tree, Cornel 
Timber, Dog’s Berry-tree, Dog-tree, Dog Wood, Female Cornel-tree, 
Gadrise, Gaiter-tree, Gaitre-berries, Gaten-tree, Gatten-tree, Gatter 
Bush, Gatteridge, Houndberry Tree, Houndsberry Tree, Hound's 
