78. COMPOSIT^E. 



thein. 1'he livnsli-liaii-s Viavf apparently the function of sweeping ont the pollen 

 fmm the rii)e iproreiaiKlrous) anthers as the style is thrust up throng-h the staminal 

 tnlx-. 



I. Tubuliflorae. Inner or disc florets never ligulate. Juice not 

 milky {vhle p. 456) : — 

 A. Style neither with a thickening- nor with a corona of hairs at 

 or jnst below the bifurcation {vide p. 450) : — 

 Tril)e T. Vernoniefe. Heads with the fls. all similar and tubular, 

 honiogamous never yellow. Leaves alt. Anthers cleft at 

 base. Style with long- semi-terete acuminate arms stigraatic 

 on their inner surfaces, with brush-haii-s on their outer sur- 

 faces and extending to below the fork. 



Heads simple. Stems leafy 1. Tei'>io»ia. 



Heads compound. Leaves chiefly radical. . . . '2. FJephantopns. 

 Tribe II. Enpatoriete. Heads with tls. similar and tubular, 

 never yellow. Anthers sub-entire at base. Style arms not 

 acuminate, stigmutic areas narrow marginal often short, 

 brush-hairs short blunt above the stigmatic lines and never 

 extending to the fork. 



1. Anther tip truncate '•'>. Ail mortem ma, 



2. Anther tip appendiculate :— 



Pappus paleaceoiis 4. Agerafum. 



Pappus of slender hairs. Invol. bracts I . . . . A,.* Mikania. 

 Tribe III. Astereai". Hds. homogamous or heterogamous. fls. 

 similar and tubular or dissimilar. Anthers ecaudate. Style- 

 arms moi-e or less flattened bearing the stigmatic surface in 

 two conspicuous marginal lines, above which is a short or 

 elongated more or less conical tip with brush-hairs or -papillfe. 



1. Heads radiate, ligules nev-er yellow. Inner pappus of 



long hairs: — 

 Ligules very narrow 2-8-.seriate. Pap])ushairs sub- 

 similar , . . . . . . . . . ^- Hri(/eroii. 



Ligules broailer l-seriate. J'appushairs sub-similar . o*. A.<fcr. 

 Inner ijappus of hairs, outer a ciliate corona . . . 5**. Cidlhtephia. 



2, Heads not radiate but outer fls. filiform : — 



a. Pappus or minute. L. pinnatisect or pinnatifid : — 



Erect odorous herb. Hds. i)urple, panicled . . 6. CyathocUne. 

 Prostrate villous herb. Hds. yellowish, solitary' . 7. Grangea. 



h. Pappus long. Erect leafy herbs 8, Coni/za. 



Tribe IV. Inulea^. Hds. heterogamous with fls. dissimilar or 

 1-fid. and compound. Recei)tacle not paleaceous (exc. 

 Athroisma). Anther-cells caudate (exc. Lnggera and non- 

 polleniferous anthers;. Style arms sometimes resembling 

 those of Yernoniea', sometimes truncate or tj-pically (style 

 of Inulineie) with obtuse or rounded ti])s with the stigmatic 

 lines marginal meeting over the top and short brush-hairs 

 only towards the tip. 



1, Style nearly that of Vernonieee (or entire in sterile fls), 



bracts not scarious, rarely sub-sea rions. Hds. not 

 radiate ; outer fls. usually filiform : — 

 fi. Hds. simple (though sometimes clustei'ed, not on a 

 common receptacle) : — 

 i. Pappus coi)ious. Herbs : — 



Anther-cells ecaudate. Florets purple ... 0. Laggera. 

 Anther-cells caudate (exc. as above, . . . 10. Bhtmea. 



ii. Pappus copious. Shrub II. Plurhea. 



iii. Pappus or '2-'.i caducous hairs only , . .12. Epalfes. 

 h. Hds. compound. Pappus I'i. Sphceranthus. 



2. Bracts scarious or hyaline. Style arms usuallj' obtuse 



or truncate. Hds. often clustered, not radiate : — 

 Leaves pinnatifid. Hecep. with pales enclosing the fls, 14, Athrohma. 

 L. simple. Cottony herbs. Pappus . , . .15, Gnnphalitnn. 

 L, simple. Glabrous herb with 1-fld. hds. compound in 



a leafv involucre. Pappus (» 10. Ca-Kxlia. 



454 



