I 



78. COMPOSITjE. 



1. Heads purple or pink. Leaves alt. or radical :— 

 a. Iiivol. bracts many : — 



Heads simple. Stem leafy . . . .1. Vernonia. 



Heads compound. Leave.s mostly radical . 2. Elephant opus, 



h. Invol. bracts 1-seriate, moi-e or less connate . 41. Emilia. 



2. Hds. blue, pink or white. Leaves opposite : — 



Fls. white. Pappus-hairs 3-5, short . . .3. Adenostemma. 

 Fls. blue or white. Pappus of 5 awned scales . 4, Ageratum. 

 Scandent. Fls. white. Introduced . . .4*. Mikania. 



3. Fls. white in 1-tld. heads collected into compound 



heads on axillary receptacles. L. alternate . IG. Cmsulia. 



4. Fls. yellow (normally outer lij4"uiate). L. opposite 35. Flaveria. 

 B. Receptacle densely In-'istly (paleaceous in 4G ; see 



also 14, in which filiform outer tls. are sometimes 

 absent) . Leaves or involucral Ijracts often spinous 

 or cottony : — 



1. Each head 1-fld. surrounded l)y an involucre of 



spinescent bracts and crowded into dense balls 43. Eehinops. 



2. Each head several-fid. but not compound : - 



a. Flowers usuall.y purple, never orange : — 



i. Leaves andinvol. bracts not spinescent (or 

 sub-spinescent in Tricholepis) : — 

 More or less cottony. Fil. free, glabrous . 45. Sauasurea. 

 Glabrous. Filaments papillose . . .47. Tricholepix. 

 Recept. paleaceous. Glabrous. Fil. hairy 46. Goniocnulun. 

 ii. Leaves or invol. bracts or both spinescent : — 

 * Heads m.s. purple or rarely- white : — 

 Pappus hairs feathery, connate into a 



ring at base 44, Cuiciis. 



Pappus of unequal scaberulous hairs. 



Frt. ribbed 48. Volutarella. 



** Heads very large, over 3" diain., blue . 44*. Ci/nara. 



b. Fls. orange-red. Invol. and leaves often spinose 49. Carthamus. 

 II. All flowers tubular but outer different, filiform and 



usually 2-3-toothed, iinier stouter usually 5-toothed, 

 outer usually female, inner usually hermaiihrodite 

 [cp, pp. 456 and 458) : — 

 A. Pappus or in.-ignificant. Small herbs: — 

 l.^Heads purple or rose : — 



u. Stems or peduncles winged. Leaves not 

 pinnatiiid : — 

 Heads not compound, under 'S" . . .12. Epalfes. 



Heads comjiound. Clusters ■5-1" . . . Vi. SphcBranthus. 

 b. Stems or peduncles not winged. Leaves 



pinnatifid 6. Cyafhoclinp. 



2. Heads green, grey or yellow : — 



a. Receptacle paleaceous. Heads compound , 14, Afhroisma. 



b. Receptacle not paleaceous. Heads not com- 

 » pound:— 



i. Small herbs with solitary or sub-solitary 

 heads:— 

 Leaves pinnatifid. Pappus minute cupular 7. Grangea. 

 L, pinnatifid. Pappus a small auricle or 37. Cotula. 

 L. simple. Invol. bracts spreading in fruit 38. Centipeda. 

 L. simple. » Invol. bracts incurved in fruit 39. SpharomorphcBa. 

 ii. Erect herbs with much panicled heads . 40. Artemisia. 

 K. Pappus distinct, of hairs or bristles. Receptacle not 

 paleaceous : — 



1. Shrub growing in salt marshes . . . .11. Flnchea. 



2. Terrestrial herbs (or shrubby in Inula) : — 



a. Anther-bases entire or sagittate, not tailed : — 



Hds. yellow oi- pinkish. Style tips of Asterea^ 8. Conyza. 



Hds. jjurple or pink. Style of Vernoniefe . 9, Laggera. 



Hds. greenish or yellow.' Style of Yei'nonie*. 10. Blumea {iQw). 



b. Anther-bases tailed : — 



Invol, bracts not scarious. Style of Yernoniea? 10. Blumea. 



457 



