78. COMPOSIT.E. [1. Vbrnonia. 



Fls. often red, peduncle clavate 



above 27*. Tithonia. 



*** Neither in vol. bracts nor pales embrac- 

 ing the flowers : — 

 Fls. white, outer in vol. bracts many .23. Eclipfa. 

 Fls. yellow, outer invol. bracts 5 sub- 



fohaceous 28. Guizotia. 



§§ Herbs with usually milky juice All flowers ligulate rp. 

 p. 456) :— 



I. Flowers blue 4^9••. Cichorium. 



II. Flowers j'ellow : — 



A, Stout ttstular erect herbs with more or less spinulose 



serrate leaves and sub-corymbose heads . . 53, So)ickHx. 



B. Leaves all radical or stems slender, often spreading 



or procumbent:— 



1. Cyi)seles beaked, compressed 51. Lxctuca. 



2. Cypseles not benked, rarely compressed : — 



C'ypseles narrowed to each" end, ribbed . . .50. Crcpk. 

 Cypseles columnar (ribs very stout', truncate . 52. Laiincpa. 



1. YERNONIA, Schreh. 

 Herbs, shrubs or small trees, sometimes climbing-. Leaves alter- 

 nate, often toothed, sometimes gland-punctate. Heads terminal or 

 axillary, solitary or panicled, homogamous, with the flowers purple 

 and all tubular. Involucral bracts many-seriate, inner longest. 

 Eeceptacle naked or pitted, sometimes shortly hairy. Corolla equal 

 slender, lobes 5 narrow. Anther-bases obtuse or minutely tailed. 

 Style-arms subulate or linear. Fruits truncate striate, ribbed or 

 angled, pappiis usually long with many minutely plumose hairs 

 and often a row of shorter outer hairs, bristles or scales. 



A. Heads solitary or clustered, sessile or subsessile, Fr. 8-10- 



ribbed: — 



1. Bracts aristate or aristulate. Invol, over '■1'' long : — 



Hds, 1-3 axillary and terminal, bracts tapering , . ,1. feres. 

 Hds. clustefed at the ends of short axillary branches, 

 bracts obtuse below the short awn . , ' . . ,2, Eoxhuryhii. 



2. Biacts acute or mucrouate. Invol. under "3" long : — 



Heads clustered on the branches of a large panicle . . 3. divergent. 



B, Heads distinctly peduncled :— 



Coarse herb. Invol. 'o" long. Fr. ribbed . . . .1. anthelmintica. 



Slender herb, Invol, "2" long. Fr. not ribbed . . .5. einerea. 



1. Y. teres, Wall. 



A rigid scabrid herb with simple erect leafy stems l-2'5 ft. high, 

 pubescent Avith brown hairs. Leaves hard sub- sessile narrowly 

 oblong to obovate, 2-5" long, acute scabrid and punctulate above, 

 hispid beneath, with few distant mucronate teeth, reticulate. Heads 

 large, G-'S" long and nearly as broad, sessile mostly solitary in the 

 axils but Avith often 2-3 terminal. Involucre rather cobAvebby, 

 bracts lanceolate or outer subulate, often squarrose, tapering into a 

 short awn. Fruit about 8-10-ribbed, silky, -IS-'IS" long with pappus 

 •3" long, dirty Avhite or reddish. 



Common, especially on clay soils in open scrub jungles. Fl., Fr, Oct.-Dec, 



2, Y. Roxburghii, Xe*s, Dora bohok', /S', ; Agnijal, Or, ; Ban Jatangi 



(Bonai), 

 An erect stout rigid herb 3-4 ft. Avith harsh sub-sessile or 

 shortly j^etioled oblanceolate or obovate shortly acuminate acutely 



459 



