78. COMPOSITJt. [10. Blumea. 



and scarious margins, outer very short and narrow, very glandular. 

 Corolla -15" long-, lobes short deltoid thinly ciliate and with sessile 

 glands. Eeceptacle pubescent broad. Achenes ribbed hairy. 



Banks and open places, biennial. Frequent. Pa tna (Wall No. 3085) ! Manbhum. 

 Camp.\ Hazaribagh, C/rtrA-e! Bettiah ! Neterhat (Palamau, elev. 3a>0) ! Pari! Fl., 

 Fr. March-Dec. 



The above is the usual form. Small plants have the leaves much less cut and 

 can then be distinguitthed from B. lacera by the indumentum, pubescent receptacle, 

 and the riljbed achenes, and in the field especially by the smell, which is less 

 pleasant in this plant. The pubescence on the receptacle is deciduous in fruit. 



The ciliate or jiubescent tips of the corolla occur also in specimens of B. lacera 

 and are probably variable. 



9. B. Jacquemontii, Hool-.f. 



Tall 2-3 ft. with stems stout below ; closely resembling B. virens 

 in its characters but much more villous and Avith larger heads. 

 L. 3-5" lower petioled, mostly deeply gashed or lyrate, uppermost 

 quite sessile oblong, all sharply toothed and hairy. Panicles densely 

 villoiis above. Heads •2o--26"long on divaricate pedicels, 'o-'T^diam. 

 when widelj'- open in fruit, bracts rigid many-seriate less narrowly 

 linear than in B. virens but lanceolate towards the ends, pubescent 

 all over the back, usually piirple, and without the very thin scarious 

 margins of B. virens. Fruit much the same as in that species, 

 8-10-ribbed. 



Top of Parasnath, Clarfip, etc. ! Neterhat ! 



Fl., Fr. April-May. 



10. B. virens, DC. Syn. B. membranacea, DC. 



An erect glabrous or thinly hairy and glandular herb varying from 

 1 ft. to 6 ft. in height and becoming Avoody below. Leaves very 

 membranous, simple, obovate or lower deeply lobed or pinnatifid or 

 lyrate, ahvays Avith A'ery sharp sometimes spinose teeth glabroiis 

 or very thinly hair}-, loAv^est often attain 6" (Avith the petiole) or only 

 3", uppermost becoming very small and bractiform, subsessile, elliptic 

 or lanceolate. Heads A'ery many small, on slender divaricating pedi- 

 cels •2-"7" long, in lai-ge panicles terminating all the upper branches. 

 Involucre green or purplish, the bracts in many (about 4-oj series of 

 which the outer ai-e very short subulate and spreading (at least in 

 fruit) and all, or the loAver only, spinous pointed, longest lineai 

 about 2''. Flowers yelloAv. Cypsele minute oblong 03-04" distinctly 

 ridged and Avith about 8 dark intermediate f urroAvs, silky-pubescent 

 and surmounted by a minute ring at top. 



A species of moist banks and ravines in the forest at all elevations or of the 

 higher mountains. Rather common. Purneah ! Singbhum frequent ! Ranchi and 

 Palamau, ascends to Neterhat 31)00 ft.! and Parasnath 4000 ft.! Hazaribagh, 

 Clarke I Manbhum, Campbell ! Angul (attains 6 ft. in ravines) ! FL. Fr. at various 

 times. 



B. cireng is the glabrous form. B. membranacea is supposed to differ by being 

 glandular and hairy, but all intermediates occur ; the hairs ai-e thin spreading villous 

 or gland-tipped, never dense. One form has the upper invol. bracts tipped with a 

 pencil of hairs, and generally the B. virens form has the bracts less spinose-tipped 

 than B. membranacea. The heads (when fresh) are only '2. rarelj" '25" long hy "l" 

 wide in flower. The pedicels often bracteolate. 

 Var. gracilis, J^.D.J/. 



This form has the heads subsolitarA' or racemose on the slender branches, or 



k 



471 



