78. COMPOSIT.E. [29. Bidens. 



bristles. The flowers are often red and handsome. T. tagetiflora, 

 Besf., is common in gardens. 



28. GUIZOTIA, Cass. 



Herbs (natives of Africa) Avith leaves oj^posite, or upper alternate, 

 and axillary and terminal rather large peduncled rayed yellow heads. 

 Invol. campanulate with the outer bracts herbaceous or almost 

 foliaceous, the inner paleaceous. Pales of recept. embracing- the fls. 

 Corolla villous at the base, the lower hairs reflexed and covering the 

 top of the hypanthium. Cypsele of ray fls. 3-, of herm. fls. 4-angled. 

 Pappus 0. 



1. G. abyssynica, Cass. Syn. Yerbesina sativa, Roxh.; Gunja, Beng. ; 

 Ramtila, H. ; Sarguja, K. 



A leafy herb forming in cultivation bearitiful golden-yellow crops. 

 Stem slightly hairy. Leaves opposite sessile and half-amplexicaul, 

 3-5", linear oblong or lanceolate, serrate. Heads "S-l" diam. on 

 pedxincles 1-2" long. Ovary tipped with a ring of hairs and the hairy 

 base of the corolla. 



A very common crop in Chota Nagpur and the uplands of Orissa ! Also culti- 

 vated to a less extent in the Northern Ai-ea. Fl., Fr. Nov.-Dec. 



The seeds yield an oil used as an article of food. They are also grovind into 

 flour, of -which cakes are made. They aie smooth, of a blackish brown colour, 

 somewhat obovate \vith the ana-les rounded. 



29. BIDENS, L. 



Herbs Avith opj)Osite entire or divided leaves. Heads rayed, or 

 disciform and then homogamous. Eay fl. fem. or neuter Avith Avliite 

 or yellow ligule. Invol. bracts sub-2-seriate with connate bases, outer 

 herbaceous, inner membranoits, pales of recept. narrow, nearly flat. 

 Style-arms of herm. fl. hairy above Avith a short appendage. Cypseles 

 4-gonous or dorsally compressed, linear or cuneiform, often narroAved 

 but not beaked above. Pappus of 2-4 retrorsely hispid bristles, 

 rarely 0. 



1. B. pilosa, L. 



Usually a tall herb 2-4 ft. high Avith opp. 3-foliolate or pinnate or 

 1-2-pinnatifid leaves and long-peduncled heads of yelloAv disc fls. and 

 5-7 Avhite ray floAvers, or the ray fls. sometimes absent. Easily 

 recognised by its angular slender black cypseles •5-"7" long Avith 2-4 

 rigid aAvns Avith retrorse bristles by Avhich they adhere to the 

 clothes. 



Chiefly in the damper or higher districts Purneah ! Chota Nagpur. all districts, 

 especially at the higher elevations ! Fl. Sept. -Dec Fr. No\'.-Jan. 



Stems striate, glabrous (in our area). Lflts. -5-2" long, ovate or lanceolate, 

 serrate. Heads \'ery variable, the ray ligules sometimes '75" broad, white (in our 

 specimens, sometimes said to be yellow), at other times CA'anescent. Invol. bracts 

 with broad scarious margins and receptacle coA'ered with brown-nerved pales with 

 scarious margins. Heads at first only -2" long, elongating in fruit and the i^ales 

 becoming longer than the involucral bracts. Awns pale. 



32 483 



