78. COMPOSITJ^. [48. Volutarella, 



often appendaged with long- recurved hair-points or slender spines or 

 mucronate, oiiter shorter. Eeceptacle densely bristly. Filaments 

 papillose, anther-bases sag-ittate with connate auricles and slender 

 lacerate tails. Style-arms slender. Cypsele glabK)US oblong or 

 obovoid, ribbed with basal areole very oblique or lateral pappus 

 hairs many-seriate, very unequal, serrulate barbellate or leathery, 

 long and slender or short and paleaceous, or 0. 



1 . T. stictophyllum, Clarice. 



A herb Avitli a somewhat stout and woody rootstock, branched from 

 the base with branches only 6-10" long or erect and little branched 

 2 ft. high (depending on tlie jungle fires), angular grooved and 

 glabrous. Leaves sessile linear, entire or obscurely toothed, acute or 

 bounded, nerves parallel to the mid-rib. Heads purple long-peduncled 

 terminating the branches, •8--9" long. Invol. bracts appressed, outer 

 o-labrous ovate sub-spinose-tipped, inner linear-lanceolate with 

 Sexuous hispid acumina. Cypsele many-ribbed -3" lonir, Imear- 

 oblong compressed. Pappus copious of slender feathery hairs, -^ 

 long, slightlv united at the base. 



Grass lands 'on the pats of Chota Nagpnr. Neterhat. .3000 ft. ! Fl., Fr. April- 



'^ Lekves 2-5" long, smooth glabrous. Bristles on receptacle longer than the- 

 cypsele. 



48. YOLUTARELLA, Cass. 



Stiff herbs with alternate sometimes spinose leaves. Heads ter- 

 minating the branches, solitary, purple or blue, heterogamous. 

 Invol.-bracts many-seriate, innermost narro\s^ acute, outer shorter 

 acute, awned or spinescent. Eeceptacle flat, densely bristly. Outer 

 lis 1-seriate, neuter, resembling the disc Us. in form, disc fls. herm. 

 with short slender tube and cylindric o-fid. limb. Fil. glabrous or 

 hairy, anther-bases sagittate, auricles connate shortly tailed. Style 

 filiform, arms free or connate. Cypsele 5-15-ribbed, often striate and 

 pitted between the ribs, basal areole oblique or lateral. Pappus 

 bristles many-seriate, innermost 2-4 dilated and flattened, outermost 

 gradually shorter. 



1. Y. divaricata, Beuf?i. 



An erect or straggling rigid herb Avith sub-dichotomously branched 

 channelled slightly scabrid, thinlv cottony stems. Leaves lo-S" 

 rarely 5" pinnatifid (sometimes entire, F.B.I.), lobes sometimes 

 lobulate, tipped with short weak spinules. Heads about 1" long, 

 bottle-shaped, pale purple. Invol. bracts outermost ovate with 

 reflexed spines, inner -e-T" linear-lane, green with spreading or erect 

 yellosv spines, innermost Avith erect soft spines. 



Occasional. Behar, J. D.H.'. Gy?i, Clarke I Manbhum, C'«)«7?, ! Angul, in the 

 bed of the Mahanacli ! Fl., Fr. Jan.-March. 



FI« manj- Petals linear. Filaments free minntely papillose, anther tails more 

 or less iidnate to filament. Style-arms linear-subulate. Hairs on receptacle '2 

 lono- Cvpsele compressed 3-1-ano-led, -2", somewhat tapering to the i)ase, striate 

 and punctulate on the ribs. Pappus hairs connate in a ring at the base ana 

 deciduous with it. 



493 



