105. VERBENACEM. [12. Gmelina. 



Calyx campanulate, shortly 5-tootlied or subentire, unaltered in fruit. 

 Corolla lipped with tube contracted below and slender ventricose 

 above, and 5- (4-) lobed limb. Stamens didynamous, subexserted, 

 anther-cells oblong pendulous. Ovary 4-celled,\vith slender style and 

 shortly 2-fid stigina. Ovules 1 in each cell. Drupe succulent with 

 hard 4-2-celled endocarp which opens by small caps on germination 

 or the seed. Seeds oblong. 

 Seedling- with oblong fleshy cotjiedons. 



Arboreous, Leaves large ovate i nrhnrpn 



Slirubby. Leaves under 2". Often thorny ....;; 2.<!Ztica. 



1. G. arborea, Roxh. Kasmar, K., S.; Gambhar, Gamhari H ■ 

 Ku.mar, Or. ' 



A large or mod.-sized tree with broadly ovate acuminate or caudate 

 usually cordate leaves 4-9" by 2-5-8" usually glaucous beneath with 

 petioles 2-H" long, often unequal in a pair. Flowers 1-1 o" lono- 

 reddish or brown and yellow in lateral or terminal panicles 3-8" (or 

 attaining 12", FB.I.) long. Drupe obovoid -75-1" diam., usually 

 2-1-celled and -seeded. 



Throuohout the whole province, esp. on the cool sides of hills, but nowhere very 

 abundant. Fl. Feb.-April, when more or less leafless. Fr May-June 



Bark lio-ht-^rey e-xfolJating in lighter coloured patches when old ; "blaze thick 

 a chlorophyll layer just under the outer bark, then pale yellow, white inside I ' 

 (in the type) stellately-hairy beneath ;teste C. B. C/«/-A-e),* base strongly 3-o-nerved 

 and usually shortly cuneate on the petiole, some or all with one or several lar^re 

 glands at the base between the primary nerves; sec. n. 4-6 above the ba^al 

 tertianes more or le.-^s parallel. Panicles tomentosely yellow-hairy with subulat<^ 

 caducous bracts -2-3" long. Calyx •2--25", campanulate. CoroHa tomentoseh- 

 «S°"V'Y^ "? to 2" on the long diameter, upper lip much shorter than the lower, 

 anterior ]<jbe shovel-shaped. ' 



The first leaves on the seedling are strongly toothed and such toothed leaves are 

 sometimes found on matui-e plants. 



Yar. a glaucescens, Clarice (F.B.I.). 



L. 6-10" glabrous and glaucous beneath, the glaucous appearance 

 being due to dense microscopic glands or scales, which are hidden in 

 the pubescent forms. Tertiary nerves not raised or only slio-htly 

 raised. Panicle usually large. j o j 



Throughout its distribution and commoner than the type in our area ' Indeed 

 I believe the type is only found in the extreme north of the province, if at all 



Yar. /3 canescens, Haines {Fl. Ch. Nag.). 



L. 3-6" subcoriaceous, grey-pubescent beneath Avith simple not 

 stellate hairs. Tertiary nerves strongly raised beneath. Panicle 

 3-4 , strict. 



Santal Parganas ! 



The wood is largely used for making drums. It is white, easily worked and does 

 not warp or shrink It should be more widely propagated! SoIbZghSjTthltft 

 IS very dumb e under water and in general stands the weather well! Glmblet^vl 

 that It IS highly esteemed for planking, furniture, door-panels, etc He^ives the 



r;?rf?l*'Q o^"\?" ^^- ;^>" "''"""^^ °^ ^ '''^^' «o^^^ ^^y^^ was 42 ft. 8" fn height 

 and 2tt. 9-9" girth after 16 years, and Gamble says that his specimens show about 4 

 rings per inch of radius, so that growth is very fast ci^imBUb snow aoout 4 



Cattle and deer are very fond of the fruit aid deer also browse the shoots 

 The fruit IS said to be sweetish-bitter and cooling and the root as S?ter tonic 

 and stomachic and useful in fever and in digestion. Duff. ' 



* Fl Br. lud iv, p. 581. I have not seen the type, and Roxburgh merely sav=i 

 hoary beneath m Flora Indica without allusion to stellate hairs ' ^ 



719 



