13. Clebodendron.] 105. VERBENACEM. 



Found wild close to our area in the lower hills and Terai and frequently seen in 

 gardens. Fl., Fr. April-Aug. 



Leaves spinulosely-denticulate with petioles up to 1 ft. long. Calyx nearly "5" 

 in flower, 5-fid or -partite. Corolla Ijrilliant scarlet. 



5. C. serratum, Sjyrenrj. Barangi, H. ; Sarom-lutur (Sambliar's- 



Ear), S. 



An irregularly branched perennial shrub, or, in areas annually- 

 burnt, Avitli tall straight subherbaceous stems 3-6 ft. high from a 

 perennial stock. Leaves opposite or 3-nate, subsessile, linear- oblong 

 to elliptic, obovate or oblanceolate, coarsely serrate leaves 3-6" long. 

 Flowers over 1" diam. blue or sometimes pale pink or white on the 

 lateral cymose branches of large terminal pubescent panicles with 

 persistent ovate, obovate or lanceolate bracts. Calyx campanulate 

 •2", pubescent, lobes 5 very shallow; slightly enlarged in fruit. Cor.- 

 tube •25-*3" (-"5", F.B.I.) . Drupe of 1-3 (rarely more) succulent 

 connate drupels. •15--2" long, each drupel about •15--2" diam. 



Throughout the ijrovince, more especially in damp places in the moister districts. 

 Grass tracts of Purneah, common ! Santal Par. ! Chota Nagpur, chiefly in valleys 

 and shady slopes, not very common, but general, more frequent at about 2-3000 ft. ! 

 Fl., Fr. r'.s. to Nov. or April-Nov. 



Branches 4-angled above. Leaves often very fleshy especially in unburnt plants, 

 whitish beneath, glabrous or very nearly so, somewhat foetid in smell. Petioles 

 •l-'3". Whole panicle sometimes coloured pink, sub-pyramidal (in the sub- 

 Himalayan forms) or narrowly oblong. Lower lip of corolla usually deeper-coloured 

 than upper, '75" long with a large nectary at base, month very oblique and con- 

 stricted. Stamens very long and declinate, bluish. 



Root given in fever and also used in the fermentation of rice-beer in the Santal 

 Parganas. 



6. C. siphonanthus, Br. Bharangi, H. ; Bamanhati, Beng. 

 Shrubby, or herbaceous with tall annual strict hollow stems 3-6 ft. 



high. Leaves 3-5-nately whorled, rarely opposite, narrowly lanceolate 

 or linear, rarely elliptic or oblanceolate, 5-8" long by usually •5-l"5''' 

 broad only, glabrous, entire or sinuate, rarely sparsely coarsely toothed 

 above. Flowers pretty, white or cream in axillary cymes and forming 

 a large terminal panicle easily distinguished by the veiy long slender 

 tube of the corolla, which is 3-4'5''' in length. Drupe blue of 1-4 

 connate drupels, each about '35" long and -25" diam., seated on the 

 large red accrescent calyx. 



In grass tracts and near watercoixrses, especially in the moister districts. 

 Champaran ! Purneah, common ! Santal Parganas ! Singbhum ! Ranchi ! 

 Palamau! Fl. June-Aug. Fr. Aug.-Dec. 



Occasionally attains 20 ft. when not burnt with stems 1 ft, girth (as in the com- 

 pound of Litipara Rest House, Santal P. !). L. with tapering base, sessile o«- sub- 

 sessile, with 6-10 oblique fine sec. n. Panicle usually narrow, lateral cymes few- 

 fld. Bracts linear or linear-lanceolate, "5". Cal.yx '5" in flower, 1 '3" in fruit, cut 

 more than half way down into lanceolate acute segments. 



The root is considered useful in asthma, cough and scrophulous affections. 

 Duff. 



a. HOLMSKIOLDIA, Retz. 



Shrubs (scandent in our species) with opposite leaves and showy 

 flowers in short axillary cymes with small bracts. Calyx broadly 

 obconic or sub-patelliform, membranous, coloured, with entire or sub- 

 entire margins. Corolla with curved tube and obliqtie limb with S 



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