106. LABIATJ£. [2. Orthosiphon. 



glabrous, anterior on throat much exserted, upper sometimes with a 

 tooth at base. Nutlets oblong--ellii3soid, black when quite ripe, O'S". 



Common, e:<pecially near cultivation. Singhhum ! Ranchi ! Manbhum, C«»k;;. ! 

 Angul ! No doubt througbout the province. Fl., Fr. Aug. -March. Annual. 



Leaves very thin when dry. with the numerous glands sunk on the under surface, 

 glabrous or with a few long villi on the nerves; base tapering. Petiole ■2-*75". 

 Pedicels •06--07", erect, pubescent. Upper calyx-lobe "l-'lo" each way in fruit, 

 glabrous above on the back, teeth of lower lip aristate, of side-lobes mucronate. 

 Nutlets become very gelatinous in water. 



4. 0. sanctum, L. Tulsi, U., Beng. ; The Sacred Basil. 



An undershrub 2—4 ft. high much branched, the whole jDlant often 

 of a purple colour. Twigs piabescent or with short, rather hispid, and 

 long soft hairs. Leaves 1-1 "5" or 2" ovate, ovate-oblong or elliptic- 

 oblong, hairy or pubescent both sides and very glandular between the 

 nerves beneath. Flowers very small, purplish or crimson, 'lo-'lT" 

 long, whorled in racemes 3-8" long Avhich are often panicled. Calyx 

 glabrous Avithin, villose and very glandular Avithout, in fruit about 

 *14" measured along upper and '18" along loAver lip. Bracts sessile 

 or shortly petioled, broadly cordate, finally refiexed. Nutlets reddish, 

 or yelloAv Avith small black niarkings (the red and Avhite varieties), 

 broadly ellipsoid, smooth or nearly so, '05" long. 



Grown in the courtyards of every Hindu house, often in pots. Occasionally seen 

 apparently wild, e.g. near the Bansloi River in the Santal Parganas! Also waste 

 ground, Purneah and Angul. Fl., Fr. c.s. 



Twigs somewhat i-angular. Leaves crenate-serrate, rarely entire in our area, 

 acute or obtuse, sometimes nearly glabrous between the nerves beneath. The 

 inflorescence of very different appearance from 0. canum on account of the 

 slender pedicels usually exceeding the calj'x, and not being appressed vertically to 

 the rhachis but more or less patent and the tiji less reflexed and the fruiting 

 upper lips not regularly touching one another in fruit, -OS--!" broad. Lower 

 calyx-lobes aristate, lateral more shortly aristate. Disc very prominent on upper 

 side. Calj-x often with few very long hairs and whitish shorter ones. The nutlets 

 <lo not become much swollen and mucilaginous in water like those of O. canum and 

 O. basilicum. 



Sacred to Vishnu. A domestic remedy for catarrh, cough (infusion of the 

 leaves), etc., and, applied externally, for cutaneous diseases. It is also believed to 

 <lrive away mosquitoes. Rosaries are made from the stems. 



2. ORTHOSIPHON, Benth, 



Shrubs or herbs Avith a Avoody rootstock or roots sometimes 

 tuberous; much less aromatic than Ocimum, Avhich it often closely 

 resembles, but differs in the calyx being often relatively longer in 

 the tube and Avith several nerves betAveen the principal 10, in the 

 usually more slender corolla- tube, in the filaments toothless and 

 glabrous, and, especially, in the minute simple capitellate or clavate 

 stigma. Nutlets usually sub-globose. 



A. Stamens included : — 



1. Leaves small, under 2" : — 



L. elliptic or ovate, -"-I'o'. Fls. 'S" \. pallidus. 



2. Leaves 2-4" long, oblong or elliptic-oblong: — 



L. rounded or subacute at apex. Petiole 0--25" . . . 2. ruhicundm. 



L. acute or sub-acuminate. Petiole '7-1" .... 3. incurviif. 



3. L. 2-3" long, broadly ovate. Petiole 1-1'7", slender . . 4. glahratiig. 



B. Stamens far exserted. L. ovate, 2-3"5" 5. grandiftorin. 



729 



