122. ULMACEM. [1. Holoptelea. 



sometimes visible when fresh as translucent dots). Stipules lateral 

 or intrapetiolar, although not usually amplexicaul often leaving 

 a circular scar or raised line round the branches and stems (as in the 

 Moracese). Flowers mostly small, in axillary clusters or cymes, or 

 females sometimes solitary, rarely all 2-sexual, usually polygamous, 

 monoecious or dioecious. Perianth usually 4-5-m.erous, polyphyllous 

 or gamophyllous. Stamens isomerous to and opposite to the perianth 

 lobes, rarely twice as many {Holo'ptelea), anthers erect in bud, dehis- 

 cence lateral. Pistillode usually present in male. Ovary of 2 median 

 carpels, rarely 2-celled ; stigmas 2 large, or style 2-fid or 4-fid, branches 

 stigmatic on the inner sides. Ovule 1 pendulous, anatropous or 

 amphitropous. Fruit indehiscent, a nut, drupe or samara. Seed 

 with thin coriaceous testa, albumen or scanty. Embryo straight 

 or curved with flat or folded cotyledons. 



Flowers chistered, appearing before the leaves;. Fr. a samara . 1. Holoptelea, 

 Flowers appearing on the young leafy shoots, axillary. Fr. a 

 drupe : — 

 Fls. polygamous, females often solitary. Cotyledons broad . 2. Celtis. 

 Fls. unisexual, all cymose. Cotyledons narrow . . . .3, Trema. 



1. HOLOPTELEA, Planch. 

 Trees with the mature leaves mostly entire, penninerved, with 

 scarious caducous stipules. Flowers fascicled at the leaf scars of 

 previous year's shoots and appearing before the new leaves. Perianth 

 campanulate cleft to the base with 4-8 imbricate tepals. Stamens 

 diplostemonous or appearing more numerous from some of the tepals 

 being permanently connate. Ovary compressed, style short 2-fid or 



0, branches or stigmatic arms papillose within to the base. Fruit 

 samaroid. Seed flat, exalbuminous. Embryo straight, cotyledons 

 complicate. 



1. H. integrifolia, Planch. Chilbil, Khanv. : Charha, Chorora, S. ; 



Churla, Mal-Pah. ; Dauranja, Gharanji, Or. 

 A large or small tree, in some states much resembling a beech. 

 Leaves elliptic or ovate, mature usually entire, 2-4-5" by 1 •5-2-75", 

 translucent-punctate when green, with minute raised dots beneath 

 when dry. Flowers green, in very numerous fascicles or abbreviated 

 racemes on the leafless branches. Samara broadly elliptic, 1", notched 

 between the two stigmas, with a long stipes and slender pedicel. 



Usually in valleys and on the banks of large rivers in the Central and Southern 

 areas. Santal Par., occasional ! Palamau, common ! Manbhum and Hazaribagh, 

 scarce ! Puri ! Angul ! Fl. March or April : the flowers only last a few days on 

 any one tree. Fr. end of May when the tree is in full leaf. 



Attains 7 ft. girth with smooth light-coloured bark which becomes tliick and 

 flaky in very old trees, branches quite white, blaze cream streaked with light 

 brown. Young shoots tomentose. L. usually- glabrescent, sometimes somewhat 

 obovate, entire or coarselj' crenate or serrate (sometimes even in old trees), often 

 shortly acuminate, base rounded oblique or somewhat cordate, sec. n. 5-7 raised 

 beneath, very reticulate between, 1-2 close to base. Petiole 'S-'f>". Stipules 

 linear, scarce'lj' leaving a scar. M. and F. fls. in the same cluster, 4-8 merous but 

 usually 5-6, tepals linear, pubescent. 



Planchon distinguishes 3 varieties by their fruits but does not 

 correlate these with the leaf -forms, of which there are several in our 

 area which require further examination in fruit : — 



807 



