7. Artocarpus.] 125. MORACE.E. 



4. A. incisa, L. f. The Bread-fruit Tree. 



Only occasionally cultivated as a curiosity in the Ciittack district. It is a native 

 ot the 1 acific Islands and requires a hot moist climate without cold in winter. 



8. FICUS, L. Fig. 



Trees or shrubs always with milky juice, often epiphytic when 

 young, sometimes scandent. Leaves usually coriaceous or harsh, 

 very rarely opposite, entire, more rarely toothed or lobed ; stipules 

 sheathing the bud and leaving a circular scar after falling. Flowers 

 mmute, often mixed with bracteoles, 1 -sexual, on the inner surface 

 of a fleshy receptacle the Avails of which leave a very narrow mouth 

 which IS more or less completely closed by small imbricating bracts. 

 Kecepts androgynous with the fewer males nearest to the mouth or 

 sometimes 1 -sexual. Unfertile female flowers (gall flowers) occupied 

 by the larva or pupa of a hymenopterous insect (belonging to the 

 fam. Chalcididse) are present in the androgvnous or functionally 

 male recepts. Male perianth 2-6-fid or -partite, segments imbricate, 

 stamens 1-2, rarely .3-6, erect in bud. Fem. fl. with perianth similar 

 to the male, or reduced, ovary straight or oblique, style excentric, 

 ovule pendulous. Fruit an acliene or fleshy, small, included in the 

 accrescent fleshy syncarp (fig). Albumen ^scantv, embrvo curved, 

 cotyledons equal or unequal. 



The pollination of the female flowers is possibly effected by the small insects 

 above alluded to, which escape through the mouth of the receptacle and in so doinc^ 

 brush against the male flowers which are sometimes only in a zone close to the 

 mouth. Where, hmvever (as occurs in some species), males and galls occupy one 

 set ot recepts and females and neuters another set, it is not evident how this 

 pollination takes place, as the entry of the insect into the female receptacle would 

 presumably be followed by puncture of the ovaries. It is stated, however, that 

 the short ovipositor of the insect can only reach the ovule of the short-styled 

 stigmaless gall-flower, but not the long-styled and i)apillose female flower. 



It IS to be noted that Ciomiitriham (Au». Cal. Gard. I, Appendix) from his 

 researches on licx Soxhuvghii throws doubt on the whole theory. He does not 

 consider that pollination is necessary for the development of the embryo in fio-s 

 and does not believe that the gall insects are able to pollinate. 



In the following key a stipes means a slender basal prolongation of the recep- 

 tacle itself and 18 distinguished from a pedicel. The whorl of 3 bracts usuallv 

 found at the base ot the receptacle is situated at the apex of the pedicel, or, if the 

 hg IS sessile, at the base of the receptacle or its stipes (if it has one) ; sometimes 

 scattered bracts are found on the receptacle. 



I. M., Fem. and Gallfls. in the same receptacle. St. 1. Trees 

 (or epiphytes becoming trees). Leaves never hispid. 

 Recepts never hispid, always axillary (or from the 

 axils of fallen leaves) and paired or, if clustered (nos. 

 8 and Srj) under -5" diam., not stipitate (exc. 6) nor on 

 special branches (Nos. 1-U) :— 

 A. Leaves glabrous (Nos. 1-12) :— 



1. Lateral nerves, sec. n. and almost as strong inter- 

 mediate, clo.se (exc. in 4), fine and parallel, 

 recepts always paired :— 

 a. Leaves orbicular or broadly elliptic :— 



L. 2-3o", lateral basal nerves spreading parallel 

 to the sec. n., petiole slender, 'o-l". Recepts 



yellow •6--9'' 1. comom. 



L. i-.i , lateral basal nerves oblique. Petiole 

 •3--5''. Recepts purple or white, -i-'.^' . . 2. retnsn. 



826 



