1. Typha.] 134. TYPHACE.E. 



above the female 8-12" long, pale coloured Avith a basal spathe and 

 2-3 smaller upper ones, all deciduous, anthers 1-5, -1" long with 

 4-globate pollen. Bracts between the flowers very numerous, filiform 

 2-3-cleft. Fern. fl. with lanceolate stigma, mixed with clavate pis- 

 tillodes and bracteoles Avith fasciated tips longer than the inner 

 (perianth ?) hairs. 



Marshes, jheels and river backwaters. Distributed from the United Provinces 

 to Duars and Purneah ! Probably in several other districts but not specifically 

 noted. Fl. Julj'-Aug. 



Tt is used for stuffiu<? elephant gaddis. 



2. T. angustata, Chaub. Hugla, Vern.; Lesser Indian Reed-mace. 

 Similar in habit to the last and often up to 8 ft. high or somwehat 



more, usually 5-6 ft. Leaves up to 8 ft. long, -S-'O" wide, narrower above 

 the sheath but lower parts of the leaves piano- or concavo-convex, 

 plano-convex upwards, acute, often longer than the flowering stem. 

 Female spike pale-brown •3--5" wide in flower, up to -7" or -9" in 

 fruit, sometimes 2 superposed with an interval but in that case there 

 is no interval between the upper female and the male spike. Brac- 

 teoles of female subspathulate equalling the linear stigmas, both 

 longer than the (perianth ?) hairs, mixed Avitli clavate-tipped pistil- 

 lodes. Pollen simple. 



More frequent than the last and perhaps in most disti'icts but not collected nor 

 always discriminated. Shaliab id, Cal. Herb. ! Fl. May-June. 



A yellow cake is made from the flowers (pollen ?; called " boor " and is much 

 eaten according- to Stocks. 



FAM. 135. PANDANACE^ 



Trees or nearly stemless, stems when elongate with aerial or stilt- 

 roots, simple or 2-3-chotomously branched, annulate, cylindric. 

 Leaves long and narrow, tufted at the ends of the branches and spirally 

 3-farious, rigidly coriaceous, keeled Avith keel and margins spinulosely 

 toothed, rarel}^ unarmed. FloAvers dioecious, small, AAuthout inter- 

 mixed bracts or bracteoles, croAvded on simple or branched spikes 

 (spadices) Avhich are terminal and in the axils of the upper spathaceous 

 leaves. Perianth 0. INlale fl. Avith numerous stamens (but Avhere 

 sessile and Avithout pistillode the limits of an individual floAver are not 

 discernible), filaments free or connate, anthers erect, basifixed. Fern, 

 fl. with small or staminodes ; ovary of one to a variable number 

 of carpels Avith corresponding number of cells; stigmas distinct, sub- 

 sessile, papillose. Ovules solitary and suberect or many and parietal. 

 Fruit of 1-several-celled Avoody or fleshy drupes angled by pressure 

 Avith the neighbouring drupes, the whole forming a large globose 

 ovoid or clavate syncarp. Seeds minute, testa striated, albumen 

 hard fleshy. Embryo minute. 



1. PANDANUS, L.f. Screw-pine. 

 Stems not climbing. Staminodes in fem. fl. 0. Carpels 1 -ovulate. 

 Seed large. 

 Arboreous or shrubby. Inflorescence sweet-smelling. OA'ary 



several-celled 1. tectorial 



(fasciculariii). 

 Shrubby. Inflorescence fa'tid. Ovary 1-celled .... 2.fixfiduf. 



876 



