44. EcHiNOCHLOA.] 139. GRAMMES. 



of the panicle-rhachis, suberect -S-'T" long rarely V. Spkts. •1--12" 

 long, almost exactly as in crus-galli except that the glumes are never 

 awned but acute or usually shortly cuspidate, glabrous or hispidulous, 

 3-4-seriate. 



Purneah, Cal. Herh. ! Monglij-r, 2IoJcim ! Sant. Parg., NusJcer ! Chota Nagpur 

 {without dist.), Wood ! Singbhum, common ! Manbhum, in wet rice-fields, Camp. ! 

 Orissa, Walsh ! Fl., Fr. July-Nov. 



Panicum frumentaceum, Roxb., is perhaps rather a variety of this species* than 

 of crus-galli, and is only distinguishable by its very crowded jjanicles and broad 

 leaves with usually longer incurved spikes, 



L. 3-12" by 'IV-'S", rather flaccid, margins smooth or scaberulous, closely nerved 

 or striate each side of the slender midrib. Panicle 2-5" long, narrow, its rhachis 

 3-quetrous above and scabrous on the angles. Spikes erect or somewhat erecto- 

 patent, rhachis often with sparse fine hairs. Gl. i acute or minutely cuspidate, 

 scabervilous ; ii •1-"12", 5-7-nerved, hirtellous or scabrid, ell. -ovate; iii as long; iv 

 minutely cuspidate or apiculate, polished, 



2. E. crus-galli, Beauv. Syn. Panicum Crus-galli, L. ; Sama-ghas, 

 Vern. 

 Erect or usually with a creeping and rooting base, often creeping 

 in mud, 1-3 ft. high. Spikelets awned about -15" (without the awn), 

 hispid, crowded on the more or less secund spike-like branches of a 

 simple oblong or pyramidal panicle, 3-5-seriate subsessile on the 

 flexuose flattened hispidulous and bristly ihachides which are '7-1 -T" 

 at base and often decrease in length towards the top of the panicle. 

 Gl. i concave ovate acute or cuspidate 3-5-nerved -09" with the cusp, 

 •08" if only acute ; ii -14" without the cusp, very concave, strongly 

 5-nerved and also with fainter intermediate nerves, sharply shortly 

 cuspidate or aristulate ; iii 7-nerved, -15-- 16" without the awn, back 

 depressed, nerves hispid, paleate, male or neuter, awn -l-'S" long; 

 iv -14" elliptic-ovate suddenly acute or almost cuspidate, smooth, 

 shining ; palea of the same shape, its margins above not embraced by 

 but appressed to the fruiting glume. 



In moist ground or sometimes growing in water. Jalpaiguri, common ! probably 

 therefore Purneah ; Sant. Parg., IfoA-im ! GyH,3£okiml Singbhum ! Manbhum, 

 Camjil Orissa, TFaZs^ ! Fl., Fr. Aug.-Nov. 



Stems often "3" diam. below, spongy. L. linear flat, often 1 ft. long, '2-*7" broad 

 at base, glabrous or somewhat hairy. Ligule or, in var. i<tagni»a (E. stagnina, 

 JBeuuv.), of stitt" hairs. Rhachis of panicle frequently with groups of bristles at 

 insertion of spikes, angular with grooves oj^posite the spikes. Rhachis of spikes 

 sometimes with long tubercle-based seta?. 



Var. frumentacea, J.D.H.-f Syn. Panicum frumentaceum, Roxb.; 

 Shama, Benr]. ; Sawan, H. ; Khir (Charaparan, when boiled 

 with milk). 



Culms erect, 2-4 ft. Panicle erect; spikes secund, incurved, crowded. Spkts. 

 mostly 3-nate, unequally pedicelled, one at least sessile, awnless. Gls. ii and iii 

 ■cuspidate or scarcely acuminate. 



Monghyr, Mokim ! Singbhum ! Said also to be commonly cultivated in Cham- 

 ])aian, Angul and Bonai. Fr. c.s. 



This is a cultivated form used for grain and fodder, and in the absence of a 

 distinct awn connects crus-galli with colotia. 



The grain is cream-coloured, about -1" long, convex-ovoid flat and margined on 

 one face, sometimes slightly ridged down the centre of the convex side. 



* Since writing this I observe that Stapf in Fl. Trap. Africa states that P. 

 frumentaceum is evidently descended from E. colona. Link. 

 t See note under E. colona. 



998 



