54. Saccharum.] 139. GRAMINEM. 



only two-thirds as long. Cll. i sparsely villous or not dorsally, villi 

 not overtopping the glume. 



In the damper districts or in damp valleys both outside and inside the forest, 

 often in glades in Sal Forest, N. Champaran, frequent on high ground as well as 

 near streams ! to Purneali ! Singbhum ! Ranchi and Palamau, ascending in 

 valle3's to 3000 ft. ! Manbhum (Tundi Hills), Camp. ! Hazaribagh (on Parasnath) I 

 Fl,, Fr, Aug.-Nov. 



Leaf below the panicle often reduced to a brown hirsute sheath with villous 

 margins and setaceous blade, ligule very coriaceous, 2-fid, with very long hairs 

 from the base. Panicle erect stiff. Hairs on rhachis of spikes and callus of 

 spikelets usually I'ed or purple, those on callus shorter or as long as spkt. Gl. i 

 brown shining coriaceous 2-keeled, margins above ciliolate, tip narrowly truncate; 

 ii similar but 1- keeled, equal, obtuse or minutely apiculate, margins ciliate above ; 

 iii elliptic, hyaline, equal, very ciliate ; iv rather smaller 1-nerved above, fimbriate 

 or ciliate. 



Used for rough mats, ceilings, etc., also for arrows. 



6. S. Ravennae, L. Syn. Erianthus Ravennse, Beauv. 



A large tufted grass somewhat resembling S. munja with nodes 

 shortly finely bearded and dark green leaves attaining 6 ft. by 1-5". 

 Sheath hirsute with bulbous-based brittle sub-appressed hairs which 

 are often continued on to the inside of leaf-blade, ligules very short, 

 membranous with dense white hairs. Panicle erect, up to 2 ft. 

 silvery-silk}^ often with a tinge of gY&y or purple, rhachis glabrous, 

 branches solitary or subverticillate tufted (branched from close to 

 base), lower up to 12". Spikelets -IS-- 16" long, and most of the pedi- 

 cels longer than the internodes of the spike. Callus-hairs subequal 

 to spkt. Glumes i and ii -subequal, i 2-keeled with the keels more or 

 less excurrent, ii cymbiform, minutely aristulate, margins ciliolate, 

 glabrous or Avith fcAV hairs dorsally and keel scabrous ; iii white hairy ; 

 iv with an awn •1--23" long, distinctly exserted from the spikelet, 

 palea glabrous. Pedicelled spkt. similar. 



Although common in the Upper Gangetic Plain this grass is not at all frequent 

 iu our area though it possiblj' occurs in Champaran. 



7. S. fastigiatum, Steud. Syn. Erianthus fastigiatus, Nees; Eulalia 



fastigiata,* Keiv Herb. 

 A very coarse tufted grass Avith a superficial resemblance to »S'. 

 ■)iarenga than Avhich it is a someAvhat smaller grass, usually 5-7 ft. 

 high, and at once distinguishable by its smooth nodes. Leaves, 

 loAver 2-5 ft. by -35", ending in a long filiform tip, beneath somewhat 

 glaucous, margins minutely serrulate (scabrous), cutting, cauline fcAV 

 18" by "I-'IS" AAdth revolute margins. Panicles shining red 6"-l ft. 

 erect, inclined or slightly nodding, branches simple or compound at 

 base, in sub-verticils of two or three, 3-4" long or sometimes up to 

 7-5", rhachis laxly villous. Spikelets dense •17-- 19" long. Gl. i 

 coriaceous minutely 2-cuspidate laxly villous, villi longer than the 

 glume ; ii rather shorter subcoriaceous boat-shaped with rounded 

 1 -nerved keel, slightly ciliate toAvards membranous tip, iii membranous 

 •V, adhering to grain; iv small hyaline •0G--07" minutely 2-toothecl 

 Avith aAvn -3" long. Grain oblong -07". 



* S.fa»tigiatum is transferred to Eulalia iu Herb. Kew (probably by Stajif). The 

 panicle is somewhat of an intermediate character, but its general appearance iu 

 the forest is a Haccharam and gl. iv is less deeply 2-fid than most Eulalia. 



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