1. PiNus.] 2. CONIFER.E. 



with crest-like suborbicular connectives. Female fls. subterminal or 

 lateral, consisting of numerous spirally imbricate sporophylls (open 

 carpels, cone-scales), at the base of which develops the seminiferous 

 scale (ovuliferous scale or placental scale), bearing 2 inverted ovules 

 at the base. The seminiferous scale soon outgrows the cone-scale 

 proper and becomes more or less thickened and woody on the exposed 

 surface. Fruit a woody cone maturing at the end of the second or 

 sometimes third season. Seeds usually winged, cotyledons 3-18. 



1. P. longifolia, Roxb. Chil, Chir, H. ; Dhup, Tk. ; Long-leaved 

 Pine. 

 A large tree with symmetrically whorled branches high up the trunk 

 "forming a rounded crown. Leaves in clusters of 3 in a membranous 

 sheath, 9-15" long, slender, nearly triquetrous, sheath -5-1" long, 

 greyish-brown fimbriate. Male flowers (catkins) -5" long. Fem. 

 cones solitary or in whorls of 3-5, 4-8" long and 3-5" diam., scales with 

 thick pjTamidal pointed and somewhat recurved beak. 8eed -3" 

 Jong with thin membranous wing rather longer than the seed. 



Forms gregarious forest on sandstone on some of the Sameshwar Hills, Cham- 

 paran ! Frequent in cultivation in Purneah ! Also in Eanchi ! Male tl. appear 

 Jan., pollen ripens Feb.-April. The female flower is pollinated at this time and 

 is about "T-l" long hy the end of Oct. and the cone reaches full size in June- 

 July of the following year. They commence opening in the hot weather of the 

 third season (whole time about 27 months).* 



It attains 7" 5 ft. girth in the Sameshwar Hills. Bark 1-2" thick, outer in large 

 plates. \\'ood weighs 40-50 lb. per cubic ft. It is fairly diuable and has been 

 much out out for building and other purposes. It is used in some match factories 

 <not in our area) and for the production of resin and turpentine. 



2. THUJA, L. 



Trees or shrubs with flattened branchlets and small decussate 

 green scale -like acute leaves bearing stomata on the back, those on 

 leading shoots appressed or spreading, rounded or keeled on back ; 

 on lateral branches one series usually much laterally compressed ; 

 imbricate or nearly so. Fls. monoecious, minute, solitary, the 

 two sexes usually on different branchlets. Male ovoid AWth 4-ti 

 decussate filaments enlarged into suborbicular peltate connectives 

 bearing on their inner face 2-4 subglobose anther-cells. Fem. usually 

 oblong (subglobose in our species, which belongs to the somewhat 

 abnormal section Biota) or somewhat pyriform with 6-12 oblong 

 decussate scales, some or all bearing seminiferous scales with 2 erect 

 ovules at their base. Fruit an ovoid-oblong (subglobose in orientalis) 

 cone Avith the scales usually thin and coriaceous (thick and angular in 

 sect. Biota and in Cujjressus), those in the middle usually alone fertile. 

 Seeds winged (exc. in sect. Biota). 



1. T. orientalis, L. Sara, Vern. (The common name for Thuja and 



Cupressus. ) 



A small tree with branchlets often in somewhat vertical planes. 

 Older scale-leaves brown, clothing the older branchlets, about • \" 

 oblong or ovate with cuspidate tip, on the youngest branchlets green 

 * Indian Forest Memoirs, vol. i, Part I. 



1230 



