BLACK: INFLORESCENCE AND FRUIT OF PYRUS MALUS 52 1 



fruit buds, will show. The identification of these buds was 

 determined by dissection. A fruit bud terminates a long shoot 

 occasionally, as shown in plate 33, figure 3. Usually this bud 

 is a leaf bud, as are the terminal buds in plate 33, figures i and 2. 



Flower buds develop on a variety of types of branches, which 

 have been given special names in the horticultural literature of 

 continental Europe. These types have been described and 

 figured by Eneroth (2) and Forney (3), as their recognition and 

 proper treatment is necessary to the successful culture of espalier- 

 grown trees. The various kinds of fruit-bearing branches recog- 

 nized by these authors are as follows: The brmdille, a moderately 

 long slender shoot with flower buds only in the axils of the leaves; 

 the dard, a short stiff spine-like shoot with smooth bark and bear- 

 ing a terminal flower bud and axillary leaf buds; the lambourde 

 (figure 6, PLATE 33), a short shoot with much wrinkled bark and 

 a terminal flower bud; the branche a fruits (figures 4 and 5, plate 

 33), a lambourde or dard that has developed for several seasons, in 

 other words, our fruit spurs ; the rameau a fruits, an ordinary branch 

 bearing axillary flower buds. In the apple the brindille and 

 rameau a fruits are rare, for the simple reason that the floral buds 

 are most usually terminal buds. The flower buds in the apple 

 are produced mostly on lambourdes or branches a fruits (plate 33, 

 figures 4, 5, 6). Figure 6 shows the beginning of the develop- 

 ment of a typical fruit spur, a flower bud upon one year's growth. 

 Figure 5 shows a four-year old fruit spur and figure 4 a nine- 

 year old fruit spur with two three-year old branches. It is evi- 

 dent that a fruit spur develops from the tendency of a bud to 

 produce fruit and to continue producing flower buds, hence the 

 very small wood development. The branched, wrinkled twig 

 becomes a fruit-bearing spur. 



The growth of a flower bud is marked by an elongation of the 

 axis, in which more or less wood is formed and upon which the 

 flowers, leaves, and buds develop. This growth of stem which 

 was described by Forney as a bourse or "purse" is identified by 

 the numerous scars from the fruit stalks and becomes a charac- 

 teristic part of the fruit spur. The appearance presented in 

 figure 2 is really due to a flower bud having developed in place 

 of a terminal leaf bud. The "purse" which developed from this 

 flower bud is very conspicuous and bears the scars of the fruit 



