522 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 



Stalks. A small, dormant axillary bud is present on the "purse" 

 as well as on the shoot with the terminal leaf bud. This shoot had 

 developed from a leaf bud produced on the "purse" the preceding 

 year. The development of this so-called purse is shown in its 

 formation in figure 8, plate 33, and figure i, plate 34, and in 

 its maturity in figures 2, 4, and 5, plate 33. These drawings 

 show that a fruit bud not only produces the flower cluster with its 

 subtending leaves but a small amount of wood, which varies 

 in different buds and becomes the "purse." From this it will also 

 be seen that the fruit is produced upon wood of the same year, 

 i. e., the stem development known as the "purse." 



It has been stated that the identification of the buds in figures 

 I to 6, PLATE 33, was based upon their dissection. After removing 

 the outer scales of the buds the shape of the bud was found to 

 vary. If the flowers were formed, they were at once conspicuous 

 and altogether gave a rounded or dome-shaped appearance to the 

 bud, while, if only leaves were present, the end of the bud was 

 decidedly pointed. In longitudinal sections of very young buds 

 the flower bud was found to have a broad summit to accommodate 

 the somewhat simultaneous development of a number of parts 

 while the leaf bud had a more conical apex. This is shown in 

 PLATE 35, FIGURES I and 2 whicli are sections respectively of fruit 

 and leaf buds. Fruit buds in the Baldwin may be anticipated by 

 their position on the fruit spur but are identified with certainty 

 only by dissection. 



The bud of the apple is found to be a scaly bud according to 

 the nature of its protection. The number of scales varies consider- 

 ably, depending upon the size of the bud and the stage of develop- 

 ment. Figures 2 and 3, plate 34, give in outline the scales of 

 leaf and flower buds respectively, showing the average number and 

 the form of the scales. Beginning with the outer, smooth, reddish 

 scales used for protection only, there is a gradual transition from 

 these to green, hairy scales with well-defined growing regions as 

 their apices. The growing region is seen to be flanked with two 

 small lobes in figures 3, /, g, and h, while it has become a blade 

 with distinct stipules in figure 2, g and h. The bud scale in the 

 apple is therefore a modified petiole, the innermost scales becoming 

 true leaves as the bud opens. The flower bud is usually protected 

 by more scales than the leaf bud. Buds are classified by Gray (4) 



