54-2 MEMOIRS OF THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 



bundles. Radii passing through one of the inner primary vascular 

 bundles would lie in the small strip of pith tissue separating one 

 carpel from another, and would pass between the two ventral 

 vascular bundles. 



In conclusion, it will be observed from the literature that the 

 identification of a pome has been along two lines. One was to 

 determine the origin and nature of the fleshy portion and the 

 other was to determine the role of the carpel in the formation of 

 the fruit. The receptacular origin of the fleshy portion has been 

 quite generally accepted. The development of the carpel has 

 not been so generally discussed, although the coherence of the 

 receptacle and carpels has been emphasized. It will be recalled 

 that \'an Tieghem described the similar fruit of the pear and 

 quince as a false fruit and considered the carpels drupes. Kraus^ 

 defines the fruit as follows: "A pome is to be regarded as con- 

 sisting of one to several drupe-like fruits more or less intimately 

 connected with a fleshy torus, on and within which they are 

 borne." The apple is thus shown to be the result of excessive 

 growth on the part of the torus, surrounding and embedding in 

 it the carpels. The torus originates in the receptacle of the 

 flower and results in the flesh of the fruit. The carpels taken 

 singly correspond to drupes. The fruit of the apple may then be 

 considered as a reenforced or composite fruit consisting of one 

 to se\'eral drupe-like fruits embedded in a fleshy torus and is 

 called a pome. 



Summary 



1. The size of the fruit bud in the Baldwin apple is not a dis- 

 tinguishing character. 



2. Fruit buds may occur in various positions such as terminating 

 a long or short shoot or on a structure known as the fruit spur. 

 The fruit bud is rarely axillary. 



3. Fruit buds in the Baldwin apple may be anticipated by their 

 position on the fruit spur, but are identified with certainty only 

 by dissection. 



4. The growth of the fruit bud is (characterized by an elongation 

 of the axis called the "purse," in which more or less wood is 

 formed and upon which the flowers, leaves, and buds develop. 



5. The bud scales are modified petioles. 

 ' PPage 9. 



