xviii Minnesota Plant Life. 



Fig. 95. Bulrush-sedge. After Brilton and Brown 214 



Fig. 96. Carex-sedge. After Britton and Brown 215 



Fig. 97. A skunk-cabbage in early spring, before the leaves have un- 

 folded. The purple hood covering the flower cluster is 



shown on one side. After Atkinson 218 



Fig. 98. Sedges and rushes. After photograph by Williams 224 



Fig. 99. Dog's-tooth violet in flower. After Atkinson 225 



Fig. 100. Clintonia. After Britton and Brown 225 



Fig. ioi. Blue flags. After photograph by Williams 226 



Fig. 102. Stream-side vegetation. Blue flags in foreground, .\fter pho- 

 tograph by Williams 227 



Fig. 103. Yellow lady-slipper After photograph by Mr. R. S. Mackin- 

 tosh 229 



Fig. 104. Wild orchis. After Britton and Brown 230 



Fig. 105. Cottonwoods on the Minnesota. After photograph by Wil- 

 liams 235 



Fig. 106. Poplar vegetation of burnt district. Near Rat Portage, Ont. 



After photograph by th.e aiithor 237 



Fig. 107. Cottonwood. After Britton and Brown 238 



Fig. 108. Peach-leafed willows on shore of stream. After iihoiograph by 



Williams 239 



Fig. 109. Clusters of willow flowers; on the left the pistillate (lowers 

 and on the right the staminate. ICach pistillate tlower con- 

 sists i)rincii)ally of a single fruit-rudiment, and each staminate 

 flower of two, or S(jmetimes a larger number of stamens. 



After Atkinson 240 



Fig. 110. Beach vegetation, Garden Inland, Lake of the Woods. The 

 long-leafed willow f((rm> the outer zone, and the black willow 



the inner. After photograph by the author 241 



Fig. III. Hickory trees. Lake Minnelonka. After photograph by Wil- 

 liams 244 



