Minnesota Plant Life. xix 



Fig. 112. Ironwoods and oaks. The smaller trees are ironwoods and 

 hop-hornbeams. Lake Calhoun. After photograph by Hib- 



bard 245 



Fig. 113. The paper or canoe birch. After photograph by Williams 247 



Fig. 114. An Indian encampment, Lake of the Woods. The vegetation 

 is principally the canoe birch, and the canoes and tepees illus- 

 trate the uses to which birch-bark is put by the aborigines. 

 After photograph by Wright. From Minnesota Botanical 



Studies 248 



Fig. 115. An oak twig with leaves and both sorts of flowers. The one 

 with three prongs is the pistillate flower; the other, with five 

 stamens, is the staminate. The staminate flowers grow in 



drooping clusters. After Atkinson 249 



Fig. 116. Oaks and blue flags. A marshy place in the oak-woods. After 



photograph by Williams 250 



Fig. 117. American elm. After Britton and Brown 251 



Fig. 118. American elm. Lake Minnetonka. After photograph by Wil- 

 liams 252 



Fig. 119. Roadside vegetation of nettles and vines. Winter aspect. 



After photograph by Williams 254 



Fig. 120. Glasswort. After Britton and Brown 259 



Fig. 121. Pokeweed. After Chesnut. F. B. 86, U. S. Dept. Ag 260 



Fig. 122. Carpetweed. After Britton and Brown 261 



Fig. 123. Spring-beauty in flower. After Atkinson 262 



Fig. 124. Water-shield. After Britton and Brown 264 



Fig. 125. Water-lilies. After photograph by Williams 265 



Fig. 126. Marsh-marigold or cowslip. After Britton and Brown 268 



Fig. 127. False rue-anemone growing in pots. University plant house. 

 After photograph by Dr. D. T. MacDougal. From Minne- 

 sota Botanical Studies " 270 



Fig. 128. White water-buttercup. After Britton and Brown 271 



