Minnesota Plant Life. xxiii 



Fig. 203. Autumnal composite vegetation. In foreground golden-rods, 

 sunflowers and asters; in background, on brow of clifY, 

 wormwood or sage-brush. After photograph by Williams.. . 408 



Fig. 204. Early golden-rod. After Britton and Brown 409 



Fig. 205. Asters and golden-rod. Banks of the ^Mississippi. After pho- 

 tograph by Williams 410 



Fig. 206. Rosinweed compass-plant. After Britton and Brown 411 



Fig. 207. Cone-flowers. After photograph by Williams 412 



Fig. 208. Prairie cone-flower. After Britton and Brown 413 



Fig. 209. Water bur-marigold. After Britton and Brown 414 



Fig. 210. Corn-flower. After Britton and Brown 414 



Fig. 211. Bur oak and bracken fern. Illustrates relation between strength 

 of stem and the weight to be borne. After photograph by 



Hibbard 419 



Fig. 212. Willows and bulrushes. The latter are typical surf-plants. 



After photograph by Williams 421 



Fig. 213. Elm tree growing in the open. Light is received on all sides. 



After photograph by Williams 429 



Fig. 214. Two-leafed wood-lilies. These plants have the broad leaves of 

 shade plants and the white, conspicuous flowers. After pho- 

 tograph by Hibbard 43° 



Fig. 215. Jack-in-the-pulpit. A shade plant. After photograph by Hib- 

 bard 431 



Fig. 216. Leaves of the sensitive fern, a shade-loving variety. After 



photograph by Hibbard 432 



Fig. 217. The Virginia creeper on the walls of the old round tower, 

 Fort Snelling. This plant does not turn towards the sun, but 

 clings to the shaded wall. Alter photograph by Williams. . . . 433 

 Fig. 2x8. "Gallery woods," near [Minnesota Falls, valley of the Minne- 

 sota, in the prairie district. Dependence of trees upon mois- 

 ture is illustrated by their grouping in declivities. After pho- 

 tograph by Professor R. D. Irving 434 



