Minnesota Plant Life. 



291 



blackberries and raspberries is in the texture of tliis axis. In 

 raspberries it becomes drier and the cluster of fruitlets sepa- 

 rates from it, but in blackberries it remains fleshy and there 

 is no separation of the fruit cluster from the receptacle. Of 

 raspberries there are in Minnesota five varieties, including- the 

 red and black raspberries, two dwarfed species, and the sour 

 raspberry, in which the fruit is less pleasantly flavored than in 

 the others. Of blackberries there are four sorts, — two varieties 

 of high blackberry, one low blackberry and one swamp black- 

 berry. 



In all these plants the stems are shrubby. In the Arctic 



dwarfed raspberry the plant-body 

 is herbaceous, unarmed, and onlv 

 three to ten inches in height, but 

 not creeping. Another peculiar 

 little creeping raspberry, seldom 

 found in Minnesota, has leaves 

 like those of the violet, and might 

 even be mistaken for a violet un- 

 less seen in flower or fruit. 



Rose-bushes. The roses are 

 shrubs with large and conspicu- 

 ous flowers which cannot well be 

 mistaken for those of any other 

 variety. The different sorts in 

 Minnesota may be distinguished 

 by the shape of the leaflets, the 

 presence or absence of prickles, 

 the shape of the fruit, and the 

 stipules on the leaves. The common prairie rose, for example, 

 has distinct stipules and the leaves are disposed along a prickly 

 stem. There are usually from seven to nine round-ovate leaf- 

 lets in each leaf. The smooth, or meadow rose, is at once 

 known from the prairie rose by the scarcity of prickles, onlv a 

 few of which ever occur upon the stem. Neither of these 

 varieties climbs. A climbing rose is found, however, in thick- 

 ets in the southeastern portion of the state. In this there are 

 often three or five leaflets to the leaf. Yet another sort is rec- 

 ognized by the prickly midribs of the leaves. The swamp rose 

 and the pasture rose may be known by the presence of a pair 



Fig. 142. Roses. After photograph by 

 Williams. 



