Minnesota Plant Life. 393 



with oblong leaves, pairs of yellow flowers and bluish-black 

 berries. The swamp-honeysnckle has red or crimson berries. 

 The fly-honeysuckle has bright red berries, and the involucred 

 honeysuckle, with yellow flowers and black berries, may be 

 distinguished by the production of bractlets surrounding the 

 fruit. 



The bush-honeysuckle has the flowers and general foliage of 

 the true honeysuckles, but the fruit is a capsule, not a lierry. 

 The Minnesota species is a shrub from two to four feet in height, 

 with plum-shaped leaves the margins of which are finely 

 notched. The flowers are yellow, produced on stalked umbels 

 in the axils of the upper leaves. This plant is very abundant 

 in open pine woods throughout the state. 



Moschatels. The Adoxa, or moschatel, otherwise known as 

 musk crowfoot, is a little herb with the appearance of a small 

 anemone. It is not more than six inches high. The leaves are 

 compounded on the plan of three, each of the three leaflets being 

 again compounded or deeply lobed. Three or four leaves of 

 this sort are borne at the base of the flowering axis — which is 

 slender and erect, carrying a pair of three-parted leaves oppo- 

 site each other and a little above the middle. At the end of the 

 flowering axis is a small head of from three to six flowers, all 

 of them five-parted with a forked stamen produced in each 

 notch. The fruit is a green stone-fruit, with from three to five 

 nutlets. This little plant, the only one of its family, has been 

 found in Winona and Goodhue counties. It is to be sought 

 among the rocks in dark ravines and is an arctic-American form, 

 reaching its southern limit in Minnesota and northern Iowa. 



Valerians. The valerian family includes four Minnesota 

 species, two valerians and two lamb-lettuces or corn-salads. 

 They are strong-smelling herbs with the characteristic odor of 

 the drug valerian. The two species, known respectively as 

 tobacco-root and swamp valerian, have pinnately divided leaves, 

 with slender leaflets, and erect stems from one to four feet in 

 height, bearing panicles of tubular flowers with opposite bracts. 

 The calyx is fused with the fruit-rudiment and consists of from 

 five to fifteen bristly teeth, which stand out like little feathers 

 around the mature fruit. The fruit has but one chamber and 

 is strongly ribbed. In the tobacco-root the flowers are of a 



