58 ^^'e Philippine Journal of Science wis 



Mace (37) also confused the genera, but in a new fashion. In 

 1888 he erroneously described for Cladothrix dichotoma a process 

 of true branching and adopted (38) this generic name for the 

 ray-fungus group. Sauvageau and Radais hold that he had never 

 had the true Cladothrix under observation. 



Affanassiew(l) at first called the organism of actinomycosis 

 Bacterium actinocladothnx, but in the following year, 1889, 

 Affanassiew and Schulz(2) gave the term Actinocladothrix gen- 

 eric rank. The only evidence that we have encountered of the 

 use of this name by anyone else is the mention, without refer- 

 ence, of " ActinocladothHx nocardi," in an article by Haass. (27) 



De Toni and Trevisan, in Saccardo's Sylloge Fungorum,(20) 

 accepted these organisms as belonging to the Schizomyce- 

 taceaD. In the Cladothricese : "Sporae (arthrosporae) in fila- 

 mentis normalibus obvenientes. Filamenta pseudo-ramosa" they 

 included Sphaerotilus, Cladothrix, and a genus that they called 

 Nocardia Trevisan : "Filamenta evaginata. Arthrosporae trans- 

 formatione cocci singuli ortae." In this genus they included 

 Streptothrix Cohn, non Corda; Actinomyces Harz, non Meyen; 

 and Discomyces Rivolta, five species being defined. The descrip- 

 tion of these organisms as falsely branching was, of course, 

 erroneous. 



In 1890 Almquist(3) and Gasperini(23) described certain or- 

 ganisms that they identified as species of Cohn's Streptothrix. 

 Kruse held that these species fell, with the organism of actinomy- 

 cosis, into Zopf's Cladothrix group. Rossi-Doria (55) soon de- 

 scribed six new species of Streptothrix from the air and classed 

 Actinomyces bovis Harz, which he is said to have renamed Strep- 

 tothrix actinomyces, with them. Kruse (31) later also employed 

 Streptothrix, differentiating it from Cladothrix. 



From cases of actinomycosis in man Bostroem(ii) repeatedly 

 cultivated an organism that differed distinctly from that culti- 

 vated by Israel. He concluded that it belonged to the ClndothHx 

 group of the Schizomycetes and pointed out that it might be 

 related to, or even identical with, Streptothrix foerstcri Cohn. 



Gruber,(26) in 1891, described as Micromyces hofmanni an 

 organism that subsequent authors have included in the group 

 under discussion. 



Sauvageau and Radais's(56) discussion of the confusion of 

 Cohn's Cladothrix and Streptothrix has been referred to. They 

 believed that the two were distinct; that Cladothrix. the most 

 differentiated of the Bacteriacese, was falsely branched; and 

 that Streptothrix, a true though very low hyphomycetous fungus, 



