XIV, 1 Merrill and Wade: The Validity of Discomyces 63 



valid over Streptothrix Cohn (1875) by Winter (1884) and 

 other systematists, the distinction not being understood. The 

 organism of actinomycosis was informally assigned to this genus 

 by Bostroem, Baumgarten, and others, formally by Migula 

 (1895). Cladothrix Cohn is a different type of organism and 

 the name is, therefore, inapplicable. 



Streptothrix Cohn (1875), non Corda (1839). This name was 

 applied by Cohn to a true-branching organism but was placed 

 in his classification as doubtfully synonymous with Cladothrix. 

 The resemblance of the fungus of actinomycosis in man to it 

 was noted by Israel (1878) ; the name was adopted in 1890 by 

 Almquist and by Gasperini for nonpathogenic air organisms, and 

 in 1891 it was adopted by Rossi-Doria for that of actinomycosis. 



For a time this was probably the most widely used name for 

 the group. At present it is frequently applied to the group 

 minus the organism of actinomycosis. It is unquestionably in- 

 valid in either connection because previously applied by Corda 

 (1839) to an organism distinct from those under consideration. 



Actinomyces Harz (1877) non Actinomyce Meyen (1827). 

 This name was applied by Harz to the fungus of "lumpy jaw" 

 of cattle, by Gasperini (1894) to the entire group, replacing 

 Streptothrix, and accepted in this application by Berestnew 

 (1897), Lachner-Sandoval (1898), and others. 



It is now used by many writers, particularly the German and 

 the American, as a valid name for the organism of actinomycosis 

 only; it is seldom used in the more general sense. As is shown 

 below, this name is invalid because published in connection with 

 an entirely different organism by Meyen (1827). 



Bacterium Ehrenberg 1830. Affanassiew (1888) is said for 

 a time to have called the organism of actinomycosis Bacterium 

 actinocladothrix. This designation is manifestly inapplicable. 



Actinocladothrix Affanassiew and Schultz (1889). This was 

 proposed as a generic name by Affanassiew and Schultz in 1889 

 for the organism of actinomycosis. It did not receive the con- 

 sideration to which, being of even date with the widely adopted 

 Nocardia, it was certainly entitled. 



Micromyces Griiber (1891). This name was applied by Griiber 

 to an Actinomyces-like organism that he called M. hofmanni. 

 This organism cannot be distinguished from the general group 

 under consideration. 



Gospora Wallroth (1833). This was adopted by Sauvageau 

 and Radais (1892), who concluded that the group belonged to 

 Wallroth's genus. Lehmann and Neumann (1896) adopted this 

 view, but later abandoned it,*Lachner and Sandoval (1898) 



162323 5 



