EUROPEAN HERBARIA. 9 
The Linnean Society also possesses the proper herbarium 
of its founder and first president, Sir James E. Smith, which 
is a beautiful collection and in perfect preservation. The 
specimens are attached to fine and strong paper, after the 
method now common in England. In North American bot- 
any, the chief contributors are Menzies, for the plants of 
California and the Northwest coast; and Muhlenberg, Bige- 
low, Torrey, and Boott, for those of the United States. Here 
also we find the Cryptogamic collections of Acharius, con- 
taining the authentic specimens described in his works on 
the Lichens, and the magnificent East Indian herbarium of 
Wallich, presented some years since by the East India Com- 
pany. 
The collections preserved in the British Museum are 
scarcely inferior in importance to the Linnean herbarium 
itself, in aiding the determination of the species of Linnzus 
and other early authors. Here we meet with the authentic 
herbarium of the ‘ Hortus Cliffortianus,” one of the earliest 
works of Linneus, which comprises some plants which are 
not to be found in his own proper herbarium. Here also is 
the herbarium of Plukenet, which consists of a great num- 
ber of small specimens crowded, without apparent order, upon 
the pages of a dozen large folio volumes. With due atten- 
tion, the originals of many figures in the “ Almagestum ” and 
“ Amaltheum Botanicum,” ete., may be recognized, and many 
Linnean species thereby authenticated. The herbarium of 
Sloane, also, is not without interest to the North American 
botanist, since many plants described in the ‘ Voyage to 
Jamaica,” etc., and the “‘ Catalogue of the Plants of Jamaica,” 
were united by Linnzus, in almost every instance incorrectly, 
with species peculiar to the United States and Canada. But 
still more important is the herbarium of Clayton, from whose 
notes and specimens Gronovius edited the “Flora Virgin- 
ica.” 1 Many Linnean species are founded on the plants 
the same alpine plants are found there as in Europe.” Who can this 
American student have been? Kuhn did not visit Linnzus until more 
than fifteen years after the date of this letter. 
1 «‘ Flora Virginica, exhibens plantas quas J. Clayton in Virginia col- 
