THE FLORA OF JAPAN. 129 
and by distinguishing those species or genera which barely 
enter the eastern borders of Europe; e. g., Cimicifuga fe- 
tida, Menringia lateriflora, Geum strictum, Spirea salici- 
folia, ete. 
It will be yet more strengthened, and the obvious conclu- 
sion will become irresistible, when we take the nearly allied, 
as well as the identical, species into account. And also when 
we consider that, after excluding the identical species, only 
fifteen per cent. of the entries in the European column of the 
detailed tabular view are in italic type (i. e. are closely repre- 
sentative of Japanese species); while there are twenty-two 
per cent. of this character in the American column. 
For the latter, I need only advert to some instances of such 
close representation, as of 
Trolhus patulus;| (272... '. « .. by J. Americanns, 
Aquilegia Burgeriana ..... =. “ A. Canadensis, 
Rhus. verniciferay isa ae ss. ss ae Ee venenata, 
Celastrus scandens ...... . “ C.articulatus, 
Negundo cissifolium . . . .. . . “© N.aceroides, 
Sophora Japonica Seog = Vereee Sek a RELL. 
Sanguisorba tenuifolia . . . . . “ §,. Canadensis, 
Astilbe Thunbergii and Raponien,. - - “ A. decandra, 
Mitchella undulata .-. . . . =. =. “ Mz. repens, 
Hamamelis Japonica. . . . . . . “ H. Virginica, 
Clethra barbinervis . . a en ele on Ca acuminata, 
Rhododendron Re ehiven oun sso ce OR. Catawbiense; 
Amsoniaellipticay . (1. . « <«.. » “ Tabernemontana, 
Saurmms Wonrert «o's «2. ». © ‘Si cernnus, 
and many others of the same sort, — several of which, when 
better known, may yet prove to be conspecific; while an 
equally large number could be indicated of species which, 
altogether more positively different, are yet no less striking 
counterparts. 
To demonstrate the former proposition, I have only to 
contrast the extra-American genera common to Europe and 
Japan with the extra-European genera common to North 
America and Japan. The principal European genera of this 
category are Adonis, Epimedium, Chelidonium, Malachium, 
Lotus, Anthriscus, Hedera, Asperula, Rubia, Carpesium, Ligu- 
laria, Lampsana, Picris, Pederota, Ajuga, Thymus, Nepeta, 
