202 ESSAYS. 
obtained from an English vessel captured by the French; but 
none of these were to be found in the Huron country, nor 
could the Indians tell him the name of them; and he regretted 
that he had not brought some with him, for planting, since 
“this root, being cut in pieces and planted, quickly grows 
and multiplies, it is said, like the pommes de Canada” (pp. 
781, 782). It is plain that the Huron roots first mentioned 
were, or that Sagard believed them to be, “ Jerusalem Arti- 
chokes,” — already known as “ Canadian.” 
I find no mention of the artichoke in Virginia or the 
southern colonies before it was cultivated by Anglo-Ameri- 
eans. The author of “ A Perfect Description of Virginia,” 
printed in 1649, says that the English planters have (inter 
alia) “roots of several kindes, Potatoes, Sparagus, Carrets, 
. and Hartichokes.” Beverly (Hist. of Virginia, 1722, 
p- 254) mentions “ Batatas Canadensis, or Jerusalem Arti- 
choke,” as planted by some of the English, for brewing beer. 
Yet, the name of one of the esculent roots mentioned by Ha- 
riot (Brief and True Report, etc., 1585) ought to belong to 
some species of Sun Flower — and if to any, to H. tube- 
rosus. Hariot names three tuberous roots found in Virginia: 
“Openauk, a kind of roots of round form, some of the bignes 
of walnuts, some far greater, which are found in moist and 
marish grounds growing many together one by another in 
ropes, or as though they were fastened with a string. Being 
boiled or sodden, they are very good meate.” [C. Bauhin 
(Prodromus, 89) identifies these with Solanum tuberosum 
esculentum, — and has been followed by later writers. The 
description seems to me to indicate Apios tuberosa.] ‘ Kais- 
huepenauk, a white kind of roots about the bignes of hen egs 
and nere of that forme: their taste was not so good to our 
seeming as of the other, and therefore their place and man- 
ner of growing not so much eared for by vs: the inhabitants 
notwithstanding vsed to boile and eat many.” These may 
be “ Virginia potatoes,” but their name, if Hariot recorded it 
correctly, means ‘“ Sun-tubers.” The etymology is perfectly 
clear. The other roots described by Hariot, “ Okeepenauk 
are also of round shape, found in dry grounds: some are of 
