270 ESSAYS. 
ordinate groups of plants which distinguish our Atlantic flora 
from that of Europe. The evidence, in brief, is that the 
plants in question, or their moderately differentiated represen- 
tatives, still coexist in the flora of eastern North America 
and that of the Chino-Japanese region, the climates and con- 
ditions of which are very similar ; and that the fossilized rep- 
resentatives of many of them have been brought to light in 
the late tertiary deposits of the arctic zone wherever explored. . 
In mentioning some of the plants of this category I include 
the Magnolias, although there are no nearly identical species, 
but there is a seemingly identical Liriodendron in China, and 
the Schizandras and Illiciums are divided between the two 
floras; and I put into the list Menispermum, of which the 
only other species is eastern Siberian, and is hardly distin- 
guishable from ours. When you call to mind the series of 
wholly extra-European types which are identically or approxi- 
mately represented in the eastern North American and in the 
eastern Asiatic temperate floras, such as Trantvetteria and 
Hydrastis in Ranunculacee ; Caulophyllum, Diphylleia, 
Jeffersonia and Podophyllum in Berberidee ; Brasenia and 
Nelumbium in Vympheacee ; Stylophorum in Papaveracee ; 
Stuartia and Gordonia in Ternstraemiacee ; the equivalent 
species of Xanthoxylum, the equivalent and identical species 
of Vitis, and of the poisonous species of Rhus (one, if not 
both, of which you may meet with in every botanical excur- 
sion, and which it will be safer not to handle); the Horse- 
chestnuts, here called Buckeyes; the Negundo, a peculiar off- 
shoot of the Maple tribe; when you consider that almost 
every one of the peculiar Leguminous tree mentioned as 
characteristic of our flora is represented by a species in China 
or Mandchuria or Japan, and so of some herbaceous Lequmi- 
nose ; when you remember that the peculiar small order of 
which Calyecanthus is the principal type has its other repre- 
sentative in the same region ; that the species of Philadelphus, 
of Hydrangea, of Itea, Astilbe, Hamamelis, Diervilla, Trios- 
teum, Mitchella which carpets the ground under evergreen 
woods, Chiogenes, creeping over the shaded bogs; Epigzwa, 
choicest woodland flower of early spring; Elliottia ; Shortia 
