FANGS OF SNAKES. 
Fic. 13.—1. The Upper 
Jaw of a South Afri- 
can Python (Python 
sebe) showing the 
double row of solid 
re-curved teeth. 2. 
Side view of the skull 
of a Python (Python 
seb@), showing the re- 
curved teeth. There 
is an outer and an inner row 
in the top jaw. These teeth 
are solid. The Python is 
non-venomous, The skull 
is that of a nine-foot Python. 
3. Lower jaw of a Python 
(Python sebe) showing the 
re-curved teeth. 4. Dissected 
head of a Puff Adder (Bitis 
arietans) showing the active 
pair of poison fangs, the 
duct, and the poison gland 
which lies beneath, and 
behind theeye. 5. The erect fangs of a Puff Adder. 
These are raised to the proper angle for striking. 
When the mouth is closed the fangs are depressed 
and lie along the jawbone. 6. The fangs of a Puff 
Adder showing the protecting membraneous sheath. 
When at rest the fangs are enveloped in this sheath. 
7. Head and fangs of the Cape Cobra (Naia flava). 
They are small, sharp, and grooved. 8. The poison 
gland, duct and fang of a Puff Adder. 9. The 
anterior maxillary bone of a Puff Adder dissected 
out, showing the duplicate sets of fangs attached. 
There is this number on each side of the upper jaw. 
10. Skull of a Puff Adder showing the active pair 
of fangs, and the next pair which would work for- 
ward and take the place of the former if they were 
drawn, or otherwise lost. 11. Head of Mamba 
(Dendraspis angusticeps) 
showing the fangs, duct 
and poison gland. The 
fangs are deeply grooved, 
and exceedingly sharp. 
12. Head of a Boom- 
slang or Tree Snake 
(Dispholidus typus) 
showing fangs and 
poison gland. The 
gland is set close to the 
root of the fangs. There 
is no long duct. 13. Skull 
of a typical harmless snake 
showing the rows of solid 
teeth. 14. The bifid tongue 
of a snake. 
No. 5 is a type of the Protero- 
glypha, or  front-fanged 
snakes. These are all 
venomous. 
No. 12 is a type of an Opistho- 
glypha, or back - fanged 
snake. The snakes of this 
division are in the transition 
stage of fang development. They are more or less 
venomous. No. 13 is a type of the Aglypha or 
solid-toothed snakes. This division of snakes are all 
quite non-venomous. 
4B. 1. Fang of a Puff Adder. 2. Fang of a Cape 
Cobra. 3. Fang of a Ringhals or Spitting Snake 
(Sepedon hemachetes). 4. Fang of a Boomslang. 
5. Fang of a Herald or Red-lipped Snake (Leptodiva 
hotambeia), 6. of a Schaapsteker (Trimerorhinus 
rhombeatus). 
4c. A set of Puff Adder Fangs showing the front 
active fang, and the duplicates. They are in various 
stages of development. These were dissected from 
one side of the jaw. A similar number are found 
on the opposite side of the jaw. 
