414 THE SNAKES (OF SOUTH AFRICA. 
Procuring a kid (goat) five months old, he allowed a large 
Puff Adder, which had been freshly caught, to bite it upon the 
thigh. The snake gripped hard and hung on, worrying the flesh 
for one minute. It was then removed, and a bottle of anti- 
venene containing 25 c.c., which is almost an ounce in bulk, was 
injected under the skin of the bitten animal. It died in an hour. 
In this case the snake bit fully, and was permitted to retain its 
hold for the space of a minute. Being a fresh snake, something 
like eight or ten drops of venom must have been injected. Two 
drops of the venom were sufficient to kill the kid within a few 
hours. One dose of anti-venene serum was not sufficient to 
neutralize enough of the venom in this instance to avert a fatal 
issue. 
I explained this to Mr. Norsworthy, and he decided to try a 
more satisfactory test. 
Taking a tough old goat, an adult male Puff Adder which had 
been in captivity a few weeks, was induced to bite it. It struck 
the goat on the hind leg just above the hoof and instantly with- 
drew. It struck again near the same spot. Both bites were 
of the nature of pecks. The snake did not grip or retain its hold 
for more than an instant. 
About an hour later the limb began to swell from the site 
of the punctures. The swelling gradually extended upwards and 
along theabdomen. The leg swelled to three times its normal size. 
The goat was bitten at 11 a.m. and was kept in a warm shed. 
At 7.30 p.m. hemorrhage began near the site of the bites and 
up the limb. At 7 a.m. the following morning, the swelling 
had extended all along the abdomen and between the forelegs, 
and the hemorrhage had spread nearly all over the body, the 
swollen skin being now purplish-black owing to the extensive 
hemorrhage through the walls of the capillary blood-vessels. 
The goat remained in this condition until it died twenty-six 
hours twenty-five minutes after being bitten. It fell down 
on the ground one and a half hours before death and did not 
rise again. Yet it ate food at intervals until shortly before 
it died. 
BITTEN AND INJECTED WITH ANTI-VENENE. 
Mr. Norsworthy also recently caught a female Puff Adder, 
which was allowed to bite the hind legs of an old goat 
