416 THE SNAKES OF SOUTH AFRICA. 
and if 50 c.c. of anti-venene was immediately afterwards injected 
under the skin, the animals recovered, although a certain amount 
of hemorrhage and swelling occurred. The animals were some- 
times in a state of nerve depression for a couple or three days. 
If five drops of Puff Adder venom were injected with a syringe 
under the skin, and a dose of 25 c.c. of anti-venene was 
injected in a similar manner before poisonous symptoms had set 
in, the animals recovered in most instances, although in all cases 
they showed symptoms of poisoning such as hemorrhage, 
swelling, and nerve depression. The hair in most cases came 
off for several inches around the site of the injection of the 
venom, and the skin was shed, along with dried blood and dead 
tissue. 
When 25 c.c. of anti-venene were injected direct into 
a vein immediately after the injection of the venom into the 
tissues, the only parts affected were the vicinity of the punctures. 
One of the animals was killed after it had apparently made a 
complete recovery, and it was found that there was rather 
extensive hemorrhage about the site of the entry of the venom 
and along the leg for some distance. By the appearance of the 
tissues, it was evident the dead blood was being absorbed, and 
the injured tissues were beginning to assume their normal 
appearance. 
When 25 c.c. of serum (nearly one oz.) were injected direct into 
a vein after symptoms of poisoning had set in, the animals in most 
instances recovered, although they seemed to have rather a bad 
time. But after pronounced signs of poisoning appeared, I 
found that, although the injection of 25 c.c. in several places 
under the skin delayed death, it did not in the majority of 
instances, avert a fatal issue. 
From these experiments, therefore, I was convinced that 
unless two doses, each of 25 c.c., were injected direct into 
a vein, death would often occur in the. human subject, if very 
serious symptoms of poisoning had already set in. 
The smaller animals always died if a Puff Adder delivered a 
full bite, or if five or six drops of the venom were injected into 
the muscles with a syringe followed by an injection of 25 c.c. of 
anti-venene direct into a vein. In these cases, 25 c.c. of the 
anti-venene was evidently not sufficient to overtake and neutralize 
enough of the venom to save the lives of the creatures. 
