INTRODUCTION 17 
plant they are moncecious. When they are on 
separate plants they are dicecious. 
The perianth members may be free and not united, 
when they are polyphyllous. If those of the calyx 
are free it is polysepalous; if the corolla segments are 
free it is polypetalous. If the carpels are free it is 
apocarpous. If the perianth members are united it 
is gamophyllous, etc., and if the carpels are united it 
is syncarpous. When the stamens adhere to the 
carpels it is gynandrous, to the corolla, epipetalous, 
to the calyx, episepalous, etc. 
When the carpels are above or superior the parts 
below are hypogynous, the carpels being borne on a 
disc or other structure. 
When the carpels are below and the other parts 
are on the rim they are perigynous, the carpels still 
being called superior. 
If the ovary is inferior and the other parts are 
above it they are epigynous. 
When a flower is provided with a perianth it is 
termed chlamydeous, when it has none it is achla- 
mydeous. 
If there is but one whorl in place of two it is 
monochlamydeous or incomplete, and if there is no 
corolla it is apetalous. 
The perianth, when united, forms a tube with free 
teeth, lobes, or segments, which form the limb. The 
perianth may be regular or irregular. When it falls 
in the bud it is caducous, after fertilisation deciduous. 
If it is not lost it is persistent. 
