INTRODUCTION 28 
In the legume the pod opens along both ventral 
and dorsal sutures as in the Pea. 
Fruits of more than one carpel are grouped 
together as a capsule. Of these there is the siliqua 
in the Crucifers, the pyxis opening byalid in Scarlet 
Pimpernel. The manner in which the capsule splits 
up is important in classification. In Iris it splits 
down the midrib of each carpel, and this is called 
loculicidal. When the fruit splits up into separate 
carpels it is septicidal, etc. 
Fleshy fruits consist of berries in which only the 
seed is hard, with fleshy tissue and an epicarp or 
skin, and the ovaries are superior as in Barberry, or 
inferior as in Red Currant, etc., or drupes as in the 
Cherry, with skin, mesocarp, fleshy tissue, a hard 
shell or stone, endocarp, forming the pericarp, with 
seed or kernel within. The pome is a fleshy fruit 
in which the fleshy receptacle is united to the carpel, 
and there are many other varieties, the Bramble 
drupe being an aggregate, the Mulberry a multiple 
fleshy fruit. 
There are four main modes of dispersal of 
seeds. 
The most important perhaps is wind dispersal. 
This necessitates light seeds, and in some cases the 
wind blows these to a distance unaided by any 
particular device, as in the case of Orchids and of 
the Campions. 
“Censer fruits” are represented amongst some 
plants with dry fruits, when the fruit dehisces far 
