CHAPTER I 
DICOTYLEDONS (NET-VEINED PLANTS) 
i age primary division of all flowering plants called 
Phanerogams or Spermatophytes, because 
they produce seeds which possess structures termed 
flowers, and stamens or ovules, which become ferti- 
lised and produce seeds with an embryo, is into 
Angiosperms and Gymnosperms. 
Angiosperms are characterised by having the 
ovules contained in an ovary, and thus differ from 
Gymnosperms, where they are naked, and where the 
seeds are not contained in a seed-vessel. 
Angiosperms are again divided into two large 
groups, according to the character of the seed-leaves 
or cotyledons, viz. : 
Dicotyledons (with two seed-lobes). 
Monocotyledons (with one seed-lobe). 
Dicotyledons may be described as plants with two 
cotyledons, the plumule arising between them, with 
stems with new wood increased by addition to the 
outside of the old wood, hence the old equivalent 
exogens, and a fresh layer of bark forms within the 
old bark. There is a pith, and the woody tissue 
