THALAMIFLORAZ 61 
There are the woodland and wayside Violets, which 
love the shade. There are, again, those that can exist 
alone upon the open down in the full glare of the 
sun. A minority are fond of boggy places, where 
some peat is to be found. Including the Pansies 
there are ten wild violets, without counting the 
numerous varieties, depending upon colour, etc. 
Generally the flower is blue in the Violet, white or 
yellow and blue in the Pansy. 
They are found in most countries except tropical 
Asia. Ipecacuanha is a favourite remedy derived 
from the Violet, and it was considered good for lung 
and cough troubles. They are also used as emetic 
and laxative remedies. 
There are nearly two hundred and fifty species and 
over twenty genera. 
The root or rhizome may be short, and a sobole 
may be present or absent. The stem is creeping in 
some, such as the bog Violet. The leaves are ovate 
or cordate on long furrowed petioles, hairy or 
glabrous, usually with a crenate margin, and the 
stipules in Heartsease are pinnatifid. The calyx is 
made up of five sepals which overlap, with five petals 
which are unequal, and produced into a spur (the 
lowest and largest), there being two lateral ones and 
two above. The lateral petals are bearded and entire, 
while the spur is directed downwards like the lateral 
petals, whilst in the Pansy only the lowest petal is 
directed downwards, and the stigma besides is capi- 
tate. In the Violet there are five stamens which alter- 
