GAMOPETALE 131 
well as by the manner of seed dispersal, by pappus, 
etc., to a distance—a decided pull over the majority 
of plants, and are the dominant, if not highest, group 
of flowering plants. 
The leaves are usually radical, alternate when 
placed on an erect stem, often whorled. There are 
seldom any stipules. Asarule the root is a tap-root, 
and in some is thick and longas in Long-rooted Cat’s 
Ear or in Goat’s Beard and the allied Salsify, and in 
this group laticiferous vessels occur, well-marked in 
the milk-yielding Dandelion. 
The inflorescence is usually racemose, with flowers 
in capitula or ina spike. The heads may also be in 
racemes or corymbs. There is an involucre of green 
bracts which supplies for the florets in each head 
protection when in bud. The axis is enlarged into a 
convex disc, smooth or hairy, with or without scaly 
bracts. 
The flowers may be all alike and hermaphrodite or 
all tubular or all ligulate. In the daisy there is a disc 
with tubular flowers and a ray with ligulate flowers. 
The disc flowers may be hermaphrodite, the ray 
female. 
The calyx originates from the top of the ovary and 
is a hairy or bristly-like structure or pappus, forming 
_a parachute for dispersal or a hooked bristle. The 
corolla is strap-shaped or ligulate or tubular. There 
are five stamens united by their anthers, the short 
filaments alternating with the petals. The achenes 
are solitary and crowned by the pappus. 
