GAMOPETAL/Z 137 
There is no border to the fruit. The achenes are 
ribbed, and purplish-black. 
The Oxeye is often 2 ft. high. It flowers in June 
and July. 
There are 300 to 400 florets, forming the disc, and 
20 to 25 florets at the border with abortive stamens 
and an external white lobe. The yellow disc is sur- 
rounded by a broader white ray. The throat of the 
disc florets is shallow, allowing short-lipped insects 
to reach the honey. In the first phase the pollen is 
above the corolla, in the second the stigma. Cross- 
pollination is effected by insects in crawling over the 
flower. Thick spreading hairs are borne on the end 
of the lobes of the style, and as it lengthens sweep 
the pollen out of the cylinder. Two broad rows of 
papillz are borne on the inner surface of each lobe, 
with a narrow space between, which extends over the 
outer edges, regularly dusted with pollen, when it is 
accumulated above the cylinder by the projecting 
style, and not carried away by insects. 
In the absence of insects the flower is self-pollin- 
ated. Bees, flies, butterflies and beetles are the chief 
visitors. 
The achenes being light and compressed are 
adapted to dispersal by the wind. 
The Oxeye is also called Cow’s Eyes, Big Daisy, 
Bull Daisy, Butter Daisy, Devil’s Woe, Dun or 
Dunder, Field Daisy, etc. 
