GAMOPETAL/® 149 
being conspicuous and pendulous, are adapted to 
insect pollination, especially by bees. 
The anthers shed pollen on the style and the 
stigmas are closed, a fringe of hairs upon the style 
catching the pollen as it falls upon them. Then the 
stigmas open, and in curling open touch the hairs 
laden with pollen, so that the flower is also self- 
pollinated. 
The Campanulacez often have a bitter acrid juice, 
frequently milky. Many of the Campanulas are well 
known in the flower garden. Their flowers are 
usually white or blue, and large and handsome. The 
roots of Rampion were formerly much eaten. 
The order includes Campanula with a pendulous 
corolla, with a capsule two to five-celled and opening 
by lateral pores, occasionally at the top; Phyteuma 
with a rotate corolla, with capsule two- to three-celled, 
opening at the side; Jasione with a rotate corolla, 
capsule two-celled, opening above, and flowers in 
heads. In Wahlenbergia the capsule is loculicidal ; 
in Specularia the capsule dehisces at the side and the 
corolla is rotate or campanulate, the ovary long and 
narrow. 
NETTLE-LEAVED BELL-FLOWER (Campanula 
Trachelium). 
The Bell-flower group, as the name implies, is dis- 
tinguished by the bell-like or campanulate corolla, 
which is usually drooping, but sometimes suberect. 
