GAMOPETALZ 155 
Cross-leaved Heath is called Bell Heath, Bell 
Heather, Broom Heath, Cat Heather, Crowling, 
Grig, Hather, Heath, Bell Besom, Broom, Father of 
Small Heath, Heather Bell, Carlin, Ringe Heath, 
Honey Bottle, Ling, Crow Ling. Ringes or whisks 
made of heath were made of it. It was used on the 
eve of All Saints’ Day to burn as a bonfire. 
THE ASH GROUP. 
The order Oleacez consists of shrubs and trees, 
of which there are nearly four hundred species, which 
are found in warm, temperate, and tropical regions. 
The East Indies is a specially favourable region for 
their development. 
Two groups have been made to include the different 
genera. Oleoidez include Ash, Forsythia, Syringa 
(Lilac), Phillyrea, Olea (Olive) Privet, in which the 
seeds are pendulous, and the fruit is not constricted, 
whilst in Jasminoidez the seeds are usually erect, 
and the fruit is constricted laterally. 
Amongst British plants are the Ash and Privet, the 
one a tree, the other a shrub. 
The Ash is used for a variety of purposes, being 
strong and flexible, so that it is used for the handles 
of tools and implements, for hurdles, fences, etc. It 
is, moreover, often planted for its natural beauty in 
parks, being abundant at Melrose and Netley Abbey. 
In a wild state it forms woods on a limestone soil. 
The Privet is an ornamental shrub much planted, and 
the berries yield a rose dye and an oil used in 
