THALAMIFLOR^ 8i 



from the outer walls — that is, with parietal placen- 

 tation. 



The capsule in the Poppy opens by pores at the 

 top, below the rayed stigma, and is a *' pepper-box 

 fruit," the seeds being scattered by the wind, the 

 flower-stalk with the terminal capsule being readily 

 agitated by the wind, and the seeds, being small and 

 numerous, are easily thrown to a distance. 



The group is divided by some authorities into three 

 sub-orders. 



Hypecoideae, in which the petals have no spur, and 

 the stamens are four in number, the carpels two, 

 including Hypecoum, a Mediterranean type, remains 

 of which have been found in plant-beds of Preglacial 

 age in East Anglia. 



In the Papaveroideae the stamens are indefinite or 

 numerous, the carpels are two or numerous, and the 

 group includes EschscJwltzia, CheUdoniunif Glaticium, 

 and Papaver. The two last are described post. A 

 third group consists of Fumarioideae, in which the 

 petals are spurred, and in which there are two 

 stamens with three branches. The sub-order includes 

 Dicentra, Covydalis^ and Fiunavia. In this arrange- 

 ment the last group is treated as a separate order — 

 Fumariaceae. 



The capsule in Glaucium opens by two valves, 

 splitting longitudinally. The fruit is two- to three- 

 celled. The seeds of Poppies yield an oil. The 

 petals are used as a narcotic, the juice as opium 

 in the Opium Poppy. The seed is given to birds as 



6 



