CALYCIFLOR.E aig 



petalous. The stamens are also of the same number 

 or twice as many, perigynous, frequently obdiplo- 

 stemonous, the outer opposite the petals. The 

 receptacle is not usually cup-like, but the parts of 

 the flower may be perigynous. The pistil is syn- 

 carpous, with as many carpels as petals, and free, as 

 if the pistil were apocarpous, but they may be partly 

 united below. The styles are short or long, with a 

 small stigma. The ovules are numerous or indefinite. 

 The fruit is a collection of three or more one-celled, 

 two- (or more) seeded follicles. The seeds are very 

 small, oblong, with little or no endosperm. 



There is a honey-secreting scale at the base of 

 the carpels, the honey lying freely exposed, and 

 accessible to flies. The anthers ripen first. 



The small seeds are blown out of the follicles 

 by the wind. 



The foliage is acrid and the plants are emetic. 

 They contain tartaric and malic acid. Some of the 

 plants will live out of the earth a long time by aid 

 of the large store of water they contain ; and every 

 botanist knows how necessary it is to kill the cells of 

 a Sednm before drying the plant for the herbarium. 



Navel- Wort {Cotyledon Umbilicus). 



Pennywort, another name for this plant, is descrip- 

 tive of the peculiar shape of the leaves, which are 

 round, like a penny. The second Latin name alludes 

 to their inversely conical form, like an umbilicus or 



