GAMOPETAL^R 281 



flowor in fours or fives. The calyx is gamoscpalous, 

 the calyx-limb superior, entire or with four to five 

 lobes, or nearly wanting, open in bu*-!, and in some 

 cases one sepal is larger than the others and coloured 

 in exotic types. The corolla is gamopetalous, 

 epigynous, regular, valvate, twisted or overlapping in 

 bud, with four or five lobes, tubular, wheel-shaped, 

 bell-shaped, or funnel-shaped. The stamens are 

 epipetalous, as many as the corolla lobes, and 

 alternate with them, four to five inserted on the tube. 

 The anther-stalks are usually short. The anthers 

 are didymous. The pistil is syncarpous. The ovary 

 is two-celled, the style is two-cleft with two terminal 

 stigmas, pin-headed or lobed. The fruit is a capsule, 

 septicidal or loculicidal, a berry or a schizocarp, and 

 is didymous. The seeds are ascending, with a small 

 embryo and much endosperm. 



The flowers are pollinated by insects. The honey 

 is freely exposed or but little concealed. Flies are 

 the chief visitors. 



Rubia, especially R. peref^rina, yields Madder. 

 Coffee is yielded by one exotic type. Cinchona by 

 another. 



To illustrate this group Lady's Bedstraw, Squin- 

 ancy Wort, and Field Madder are described. 



Lady's Bedstraw (Galuim verum), 



A local name Guinea Gold admirably describes 

 the colour of the massed flowers of the Lady's 



