294 THE STORY OF PLANT LIFE 



The insect visitors include bees, flies, daddy-long- 

 legs, butterflies, and beetles. 



The fruit is spuriously two- to three-celled, and 

 one-seeded. This adds to the lightness of the fruit, 

 which may thus be dispersed by the wind. A pappus 

 is formed on the fruit by the calyx, which also serves 

 the same purpose. 



Valerian is called Drunken Sailor and Bovisand 

 Sailors at Plymouth. In Devon the larger Valerian 

 is called Bouncing Bess, and the smaller Delicate 

 Bess. It was also called Blessed Herb because of 

 its reputed power in revealing witches. 



The Greeks utilised a kind of Valerian called Phu, 

 to hang up in doors and windows as a charm. 



Scott sa3^s : " To be delivered from witches, they 

 hang in their entries an herb, called PentaphyUon, 

 Cinquefoil, also an olive branch ; also Frankincense, 

 Myrrh, Valerian, Cerven, Palm, Antrichmon, etc. ; 

 also Hay-thorn, otherwise Whitethorn, gathered on 

 May-day." 



Valeriana dioica.— /?? the illmtraiion {Fig. 63), 

 the stolomfcrous character can he made out, also the 

 four-angled stem, the ovate, radical leaves, the divided 

 stem-leaves tenth a larger terminal lobe. The flowers 

 on the right are male flowers, showing anthers. 



Red Valerian {Centranthns ruber). 



An important distinction between this plant and 

 the last plant and Valerianella is indicated by 

 the first scientific name from ccntron and anthos 



